Western Front
Battle of the Somme: British attack along whole front from Pozieres to Guillemont; violent fighting.
French repel counter-attacks south of Amiens-Peronne high road.
Major-General Edward Charles Ingouville-Williams, commander of the British 34th Division, is killed in action:
http://imgur.com/FyrszWU
French aeroplanes bomb Mulheim (Rhine) and other German towns.
Eastern Front
Brusilov Offensive:
Galicia: Austrians, retreating before Sakharov, begin to evacuate Brody.
Southern Front
Trentino: Alpini battalion and 154th Regiment night attack and gain footing north of Mt Cimone summit (July 23) dominating Arsiero to south (Austrian counter-attacks repelled on July 31), but attack on Bocchetta di Portule (6,395 ft) fails.
Dolomites: Italian I and XVIII Corps take Rolle Pass and two peaks, occupy Paneveggio village (July 31) in Val Travignolo.
Naval and Overseas Operations
Black Sea: Light cruiser Breslau escapes new Russian dreadnought battleship Imperatritsa Maria with stern splinter damage.
Launch of the Isaac Peral class submarine, built in the U.S. for the Spanish Navy:
http://imgur.com/hGKapJ2
Political, etc.
United Kingdom: General Maxwell's despatches on Irish rebellion published in Times.
Silver badge granted for those disabled.
France: 87 Socialist members in the French Chamber of Deputies oppose economic warfare against the Central Powers after the end of the war.
Russia: M. Sazonov, Russian Foreign Minister, resigns [Appointed in 1910.] and is succeeded by M. Stürmer (see February 1st and November 24th).
United States: Department of Commerce reports that the cost of living in Ireland has increased by 41.2 percent since the war’s start.
James Whitcomb Riley, American writer and poet known for “Little Orphan Annie” and other works, passed away.
Bomb kills 9 and wounds 40 in San Francisco (War) Preparedness Parade: 2 radical labour leaders given life sentence (released 1939).
US Senate votes naval building programme.
Spain: Martial law is lifted in Spain after the end of the railway strike, but press censorship continues.