Western Front
Aisne: Craonne (Aisne) and trenches on 3-mile front northwest of Reims. are retaken by French forces (see September 1st, 1914, April 16th, 1917 and May 27th, 1918).
End of Third Battle of the Scarpe, 1917 (see 3rd) brings Battles of Arras, 1917, to an end (see April 9th).
British soldiers with an 8-inch howitzer near Henin. © IWM (Q 7820): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...8702977/photo/1
19,343 prisoners claimed secured by British during April.
Germany: All 52 German reserve divisions of April 1 have been engaged. Allies still have 30.
French aircraft bomb factories near Metz.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Western Mediterranean: U-63 sinks Egypt-bound British transport Transylvania (413 lost) in Gulf of Genoa, but rest of c.3,000 troops saved by escorting Japanese destroyer Matsu. https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...7057152/photo/1

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: 5 German aircraft bomb EEF Deir-el-Balah HQ (30 casualties). Royal Flying Corps bomb Beersheba on May 10.

Political, etc
France: Inter-Allied conference in Paris until May 5. Haig and French commanders unanimously agree to continue offensive with limited objectives to prevent Germans recovering from their second Aisne and Arras losses and to prevent them striking at Russia and Italy, but BEF will make main attack.
United Kingdom: British Admiralty reform announced.
United States: President Wilson asks Congress for broad economic powers to fix prices for necessities, regulate markets, stop manipulation & limit brewing. Many of the President’s supporters in Congress represented cotton interests, therefore, cotton was not subject to price controls under “necessities”.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

And I'm glad that it is proving to be worthwhile.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Aisne: With 48 Saint Chamond tanks (combat debut) in support (6 lost) French take crest of Craonne Ridge including Chemin des Dames, Laffaux Mill, claims 6,000 PoWs (De Lattre’s 3rd Battalion, 93rd Infantry has 300 casualties but takes 500 PoWs and Cerny underground works); French repulse counter-attacks on May 6.
French Saint Chamond tanks in action: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...nsatz.jpg?ssl=1
British soldiers playing in the water during a rest period at Rollancourt. © IWM (Q 5306): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...8524160/photo/1


Southern Front
Italian Front: Italians repulse Austrian attacks on Carso.
Macedonia : Battle of the Vardar begins (see 22nd). French 122nd and Greek Seres Divisions take Bulgarian Vardar sector trenches near Gevgeli (Bulgar frontier), repulse counter-attack on May 7.
Gorizia bombed.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Russian detachments withdraw about Oghnut and Mush.

Political, etc
Germany: Zimmermann states the U.S. entering the war with the Allies would help Germany collect billions in indemnities after Germany wins the war.
Russia: Foreign Minister Miliukov tells Petrograd Soviet ‘Russia will never agree to a separate peace.’ Dumas President says same on May 10.
General Kornilov reorganises reserves.
At Nevsky Prospect in Petrograd, thousands of factory workers clash with soldiers in protest of the Russian Provisional Government.
Russian soldiers demonstrate for peace in Bacau, Romania. [ed note: there was a photo to go along with this, but the same photo , from the same source, was also labelled, “Australian soldiers, possibly in London, marking his ballot for the Australian Federal Election.” I tried to enlarge the photo, and there was a background sign with what appeared to be Cyrillic writing on it; but the attitude of the soldiers was more of expectant waiting, rather than people demonstrating anything.]
France: At Paris conference British announce 1 division and 2 cavalry brigades will be withdrawn from Salonika; Jellicoe says force will starve unless reduced.
French government apologizes to Switzerland for accidentally bombing the border town of Porrentruy a few days ago.
United Kingdom: Flat racing discontinued.
Australia: Australian Federal Election is held, with the Nationalist Party winning 53 seats and the Australian Labour Party getting 22.
United States: British Secretary of State Arthur Balfour becomes the first non-American to address Congress.
The U.S. begins accepting subscriptions for its “Liberty Loan,” raising around $20 million on average per hour for the war effort.
Minor Allies: Liberia severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see August 4th).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Aisne: French Reserve Army Group dissolved, Micheler takes over Fifth Army from Mazel.
French painting from 1917 ‘Poilus’: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...oilus.jpg?ssl=1
French claim 29,000 prisoners taken since 10 April.
Artois: British repulse counter-attack near river Souchez.
At the Aisne and Arras, both French and British forces successfully defend their gains against heavy German counterattacks.
Britain – First night aeroplane raid on London: Albatros C-VII (Klimke and Leon) on own initiative drops 5 x 22lb bombs between Holloway and Hackney (night May 6-7, 3 casualties).

Southern Front
Supported by heavy artillery, Austro-Hungarian troops make small advances against Italian lines southeast of Gorizia.
Violent artillery actions on Trentino and Julian front.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
T.E. Lawrence (2nd from right) and his party on a mission to recover a crashed aeroplane at Wadi Hamdh. © IWM (Q 59040): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...2537088/photo/1

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Common Ministers Council agrees to reopen Mitteleuropa (Central Europe) talks with Germany (Berlin owed RM 6 billions). Emperor says ‘I do not agree at all’ (May 14).
Russia: Kiev Czech congress recognises Masaryk and Czech National Council.
Russian Provisional Government forbids public meetings and demonstrations for the next two days in response to recent disturbances.
Greece: Salonika mass meeting of 30,000 demands King’s deposition. Salonika plot to murder Venizelos discovered on May 10
Sweden: Food riots occur in Stockholm, Sweden, which was triggered by the lack of potatoes.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Captain Albert Ball, Royal Flying Corps (44 victories, last 2 on May 5) killed aged 20 in an SE5 inverted from low cloud behind German lines; cause perhaps vertigo. Only 5 of No 60 Squadron’s 11 Scouts he was among return from evening patrol. Posthumous Victoria Cross. It is possible that Ball was shot down by Lothar von Richthofen, who claimedan aerial victory at about the time and place of Ball’s plane falling. However, von Richthofen claimed a triplane; while the Sopwith Triplane was in operational status at the time, Ball never flew one. Captain Ball fell on the enemy side of the lines and was buried with full military honours by the Germans.
British cavalry crossing a bridge over a communication trench near Neuve Eglise: © IWM (Q 6183): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...1486851/photo/1
British position between Bullecourt and Queant improved by Australians.
Some of “The Balmorals” performers who are entertaining British troops at Chelers: © IWM (Q 5330): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...3120384/photo/1
President Wilson’s war address is translated into German and sent towards German lines via balloons: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...3800832/photo/1
Daylight aeroplane raid on north-east London, 1 killed, 2 wounded.
Edward 'Mick' Mannock of the Royal Flying Corps, shoots down a balloon to claim his first aerial victory.

Southern Front
Bulgarian counter-attack on Franco-Venizelist forces near Gevgeli repulsed.

Naval and Overseas Operations
German submarine SM UB-39, which sunk 93 ships during its career, hits a mine and sinks with all 24 crew.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Imperial Camel Corps blow up wells south of Beersheba (until May 14).

Political, etc
Germany: German Chancellor uses Social Democrats to influence Soviet delegates towards German terms of peace.
Russia: First post-Revolution Bolshevik Party Conference (until May 12) with 80,000 members; Lenin elected to Central Committee. Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, named Lenin, after his return to Russia: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...70318.jpg?ssl=1
Russian Provisional Government takes control of grain stocks in order to control food supply and prices.
France: With one of six Frenchmen in uniform, France is importing thousands of Chinese labourers to make up for manpower shortages.
Turkey: Falkenhayn reaches Constantinople to discuss Baghdad’s reconquest (he leaves on May 13).
United States: Theodore Roosevelt promises he can recruit 180,000 men and send them to France in 6 weeks. [ed note: another one of the absurd claims made by people in the US, who should have known better; never came about.]
Herbert C. Hoover warns that Germany might win the war before the U.S. is ready to send men to the front.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Artois: 5th Bavarian Division (176+ guns supporting) recaptures Fresnoy at second attempt (until May 9).
Aisne: French storm and hold trenches near Chevreux (northeast of Craonne) despite counter-attacks.
A French soldier in the ruins of the village of La Ville-aux-Bois-les-Pontavert: © IWM (Q 78264): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...5149569/photo/1
Aerial picture of the German-French frontline during the Nivelle Offensive, which was France’s only major attack on the Western Front in 1917: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...nsive.jpg?ssl=1

Southern Front
Salonika: Battle of the Doiran continued (until May 9): British night attack from 2200 hours again fails under Bulgarian searchlights between the lake and Petit Couronne but gains 500 yards on 2-mile front to west. British losses 1,861 soldiers; Bulgarian guns fire 28,874 shells.
Serbs seize useful points in Moglenitsa Valley.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: Destroyer HMS Milne rams and sinks UC-26 with all 26 crew members, in Thames estuary.

Political, etc
France: Special, 1927: French aviators*Charles Nungesser and François Coli aboard the biplane L'Oiseau Blanc, attempting to make the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Paris to New York, disappeared after takeoff.
United Kingdom: "Combing out" of munition workers begins.
Australia: Australian elections result in Nationalist majority in both Houses.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Aisne: NIVELLE OFFENSIVE ENDS: German counter-attacks fail at Chemin des Dames, Craonne and Goroeny. Although Nivelle promised to call off the attacks after 48 hours if they were not initially successful, and announced that he had done so between then and now, the wasteful procedures continued.
German soldiers throwing hand grenades out of the trench: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...raben.jpg?ssl=1

Southern Front
Second phase of the First Battle of the Doiran ends (see April 24th, 1917 and September 18th, 1918).
Serbia: Allied attack in Crna loop and in Moglena Mountains (Serb Second Army captures Hill 1824): in former, Russian 2nd Brigade capture Orle village a mile into Bulgar lines but forced out with 50% losses, and French 16th Colonial Division seizes the Mamelon only to be driven back by German attacks; French losses 1,579 soldiers. Italians reach 1st line but retreat at night.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: U-19 sinks ship in British Scandinavian convoy east of Shetlands.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
T.E. Lawrence and Auda Abu Tayi leave Wedj to recruit a mobile camel force for attacks against the Ottomans.

Political, etc
Russia: Lenin publishes the essay “Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism”: http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/hals...mperialism.html
United Kingdom: Britain cancels its “meatless days” as it increased demand on other foodstuffs, particularly bread.
British Labour Party decides not to attend Stockholm Conference.
Mr. Henderson and deputation appointed to visit Russia.
Vote of Credit demanded for ₤500 millions; daily expenditure ₤5,600,000.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

WWI was really a very fascinating period. Some of the slower pace than earlier ... but with much of the carnage we associate with WWII and beyond. You'd hope one of these days mankind would learn it's lesson.

Western Front
France: 2nd Battle of the Aisne ends with 187,000 French casualties and 169,000 German losses. Discontent and mutiny spreads in French ranks.
Minor French success near Chevreux (Craonne).
Ribot cabinet decide to make Petain C-in-C but Nivelle refuses to go on May 11.
A church in the damaged town at Champs, France: © IWM (Q 78236): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...4846081/photo/1
Somme: Slight British advance on south bank of river Scarpe.
Men of the Canadian Expeditionary Force eating dinner at Berneville: © IWM (Q 5341): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...7484033/photo/1
Men of the Scottish Black Watch prepare for a “gas mask race” at a sports meeting in Bailleul-aux-Cornailles: © IWM (Q 5360): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...3407104/photo/1

Eastern Front
General Russki relieved of command on northern front by Provisional Government.

Southern Front
French and Venizelists take Bulgar-German position near the Lyumnitsa.
Two attacks on Krastali driven off by British.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Atlantic: First Allied general trade convoy (trial) sails (16 ships in 3 columns at 6 1/2 kts from Gibraltar with 5 escorts), reaches Plymouth unscathed on May 20 after 8 destroyers meet it 200 miles from Channel (May 18).
North Sea: German battlecruiser Hindenburg (launched August 1, 1915) joins High Seas Fleet.
British scouting force from Harwich chases 11 German destroyers into Zeebrugge.
Earl Curzon reveals British shipping losses during the war total 900,000 tons, but reassures that they can be replaced in sufficient numbers.

Political, etc
Russia: President of Duma (M. Rodzianko) affirms Russian loyalty to Allies.
United Kingdom: House of Commons secret session on U-boat menace until May 11. Unofficial strikes involve 160,000 engineers (including London bus drivers on May 13) against dilution on private work (until May 24). 8 strike leaders arrested (released on May 23 after Munitions Minister meets shop stewards on May 19).
Japan: In the Far Eastern Games, the Philippines association football team defeats the Japanese team 15-2, Japan’s biggest defeat in the sport.
United States: Major-General J. Pershing appointed to command United States Expeditionary Force (see June 8th).
The US commanders of the army and the navy: General Pershing (left) and Admiral Sims (right): https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...-Sims.jpg?ssl=1
French Marshal Joffre receives a ticker-tape parade as he visits New York City.
French sailor performing stunts on an anti-aircraft gun of the cruiser Amiral Aube, currently in New York City: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...9361152/photo/1
Italian war mission led by Enrico Arlotta arrives in New York City to begin talks with U.S. officials.
Greece: Plot to assassinate M. Venizelos discovered at Salonika.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Artois: Canadian 44th Brigade regains 300 yds of trenches west of Avion and holds it against repeated German 80th Reserve Division counter-attacks. British attack astride Scarpe captures Roeux (German division fails to retake it until May 14), British cavalry the Farm and Chemical Works.
Repulse of various local German attacks on ground gained by Allies (Arleux, Souchez river, Cerny, Craonne, etc.).

Eastern Front
Western Russia: German officers visit General Dragomirov’s North Front HQ at Dvinsk at his soldiers’ request but with little result. Prince Leopold’s follow-up letter suggesting armistice made a German leaflet (May 29).

Southern Front
French carry Srka di Legen (west of Lyumnitsa).
Serb raids on Moglena hills (Dobropolye), and north of Pozar.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Black Sea: Successful Russian submarine Morzh sails on last patrol, mined or sunk by air attack off Bosphorus.
Baltic: Russian Baltic Fleet Central committee meets as ‘Centrobalt’ at Helsinki.

Political, etc
Germany: Germany moves high-ranking French POWs near industrial areas targeted by Allied aeroplanes as reprisals for similar moves by France.
France: 10,000 Paris clothing workers strike (until May 23) against living costs.
United Kingdom: Appeal for men of 41-50 to volunteer, also coal economy.
Sir Edward Carson refuses to alter form of weekly shipping losses.
Japan: Japan promises to send its merchant ships and fast cruiser fleet to aid the Allies against German submarines.
United States: Onehundred twentyfive aliens arrested since 6 April. (Mostly Germans, and without charges). Some German citizens living in the USA are arrested by the New York police: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...n-usa.jpg?ssl=1
Marshall Joffre inaugurating a memorial to La Fayette in Brooklyn: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...1326464/photo/1

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

I the photo of German citizens being arrested by NY police, I couldn't help but noticed that they were all in suits and everything was very orderly. Compare that with photos of today where you'd think every arrest was a bloody free-for-all with attorney's from the American Civil Liability Union are lining the streets waiting to take on new cases. How times have changed.

Western Front
British storm most of Bullecourt, and Roeux trenches. German counter-attack fails. From another soruce, reported as: At the Arras battle, German troops armed with flamethrowers attack British lines in Bullecourt, but a counterattack drives them back.
French ace Nungesser shoots down 2 of 6 Albatros fighters over Douai.

Southern Front
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo begins (see June 8th): Artillery activity on Julian front from Tolmino to the sea. Two-day Italian barrage begins at dawn on 25-mile front with 1,058 heavy and 1,320 field guns vs 1,400 Austrian pieces. General Capello gives Badoglio, aged 45, II Corps due to previous commander’s inadequate artillery preparation.
Italian heavy 305mm howitzer, known as a ‘heavy mortar on a De Stefano carriage’. This distinctive system featured four large solid iron wheels running on rails to absorb the recoil: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...m-how.jpg?ssl=1
Italians bomb Prosecco (north of Trieste).

Naval and Overseas Operations
Heavy naval bombardment of Zeebrugge by Dover Division, etc. This was a failed attempt to close up the canals leading from the Flanders U-boat bases to the North sea. The British would make several other such attempts later in the war. 3 Dover Patrol monitors (total 6 x 15-inch guns), and with air cover among 41 ships, shell Zeebrugge for 73 minutes from 28.000 yards, for 1 hour but vital locks not hit although 19 of 250 shells land within 15 yards.
Mediterranean: 6 Australian destroyers (3 from Singapore) being sent to Mediterranean.

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: AH Emperor Charles pleads Austrians to “hold on, & in this we shall doubtless be successful, through encountering great hardships.”
Russia: Russian socialists call for a world peace congress and demand the resignation of Foreign Minister Milyukov, who promised continuation of war.
France: A Committee of the French Chamber of Deputies submits a report recommending Germany be forced to pay a large indemnity after the war.
United Kingdom: Two new groups for attestation announced: 41 to 45, and 45 to 50. {ed note: “Attestation” in this case means, subject to possible (voluntary) call-up for national service.}
Britain announces all horses not needed for military or agricultural work will be put on rations after May 21.
Official figures show British food prices has risen by around 94% since the start of the war.
200,000 British weavers in northern England threaten to strike on May 26 if their pay is not raised.
India: Bombs and seditious leaflets seized in Calcutta.
Canada: Both Houses, Canadian Parliament, addressed by M. Viviani.
Minor Allies: Haitian Congress votes down a declaration of war against Germany, but adopts a resolution condemning Haitian deaths due to U-boats.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Flanders: General Sir Hubert Gough to command key northern wing of Ypres offensive.
Gough, the young ‘thruster’ put in charge of the opening offensive in Flanders: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...Gough.jpg?ssl=1
Somme: British gains on ‘Greenland Hill’.
A horse jumping competition by the British 15th Division Horse Show at Liencourt near Arras: © IWM (Q 2127): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...6310529/photo/1
At the Arras Battle, British troops make further gains at Bullecourt and enters the commune of Rouex.
Champagne: German counter-attacks north of Reims and in Maisons de Champagne repulsed.
Ruined village of Fresnieres, France: © IWM (Q 78237): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...9796738/photo/1

Naval and Overseas Operations
U-boat sinks Spanish SS Carmen.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Mesopotamia: Russian detachments compelled to retire across Diala river towards Kifri.

Political, etc
Russia: War Minister Aleksandr Guchkov resigns, points out ‘There is a limit (to Army democratization) beyond which disintegration is bound to begin’.
General Lavr Kornilov, Commandant of Petrograd, also resigns.
Russian General Brusilov states the army is threatened by desertions & claims Germans tempted Russians to surrender with promises of vodka.
United Kingdom: Homes in London are fined £25-£50 for using too lavish of material and labor for decoration.
British Ministry of Munitions threatens to use force if striking munition workers do not return to work by Monday.
Canada: Marshal Joffre reviews garrison troops at Montreal; much enthusiasm.
United States: (Reported for yesterday): U.S. Senate votes 38 to 32 to ban the use of grain, sugar, and syrup for the production of liquor, but votes down full prohibition.
(Also reported for yesterday): U.S. House of Representatives votes 215 to 178 to allow former President Roosevelt to raise and lead a division to France.
Sweden: Socialist Conference opens at Stockholm.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
British troops make further gains at the Arras Battle, taking all of the commune of Roeux and advance north of Gavrelle.
A French soldier operating a listening device to detect German aeroplanes: © IWM (Q 70881): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...2104064/photo/1
King Albert I of Belgium and British Field Marshal Haig inspecting men of the 5th Dragoon Guards. © IWM (Q 2162): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...4380032/photo/1
Strong German reconnaissances north-east of Vauxaillon (Soissons), west of Craonne, Berry au Bac and in Champagne.

Southern Front
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo: Italian Gonzia Command and Third Army (28 divisions) vs Austrian Fifth Army (11 divisions). Italians attack at noon with main thrust north of Gorizia east of Plava, capturing Hill 383, and Zagora and Mt Santo. East of Gorizia Messina Brigade takes Hills 174 and 126 but forced out by heavy counter-attacks. Badoglio promoted Lieutenant-General (confirmed August 23).
Serbia: Serb Sumadija Division captures 2 spurs a mile from Mt Dobropolje.

Naval and Overseas Operations
German airship L-22 destroyed in North Sea by British warships. Another soruce says: Royal Navy Air Service ‘Large America’ H12 flying boat shoots down Zeppelin L-22 near Terschelling Light Vessel.
German submarine SM U-59 accidentally hits a German mine and sinks. 33 crew members are killed with 4 survivors.

Political, etc
Germany: First German tank (A7V) in workup trial at Mainz.
Russia: Petrograd Soviet proclamation appeals for end to fraternization. At STAVKA C-in-Cs discuss resigning en masse, decide to visit Petrograd. After the Russian revolution, the fraternities between German and Russian soldiers, who believed that the war had now come to an end, happens along the Eastern front: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...erung.jpg?ssl=1
United Kingdom: King tours in industrial north. Merchant shipbuilding control reverts to Admiralty.
Sir John Jellicoe to be Chief of Naval Staff, Sir E. Geddes Controller.
British labour unrest; engineers on strike, ditto omnibuses in London, weavers in north threaten strike.
United States: Germans are banned from boarding any American ship heading to any Russian port.
U.S. Senate approves the Espionage Bill, which prohibits interference of the military and aiding the enemy, by a vote of 80 to 8. “Interference of the military” is quite vaguely defined, and the Espionage Act is widely used to suppress German-language newspapers & force striking workers back to work. Wikipedia has this to say:
“Among those charged with offences under the Act are German-American socialist congressman and newspaper editor Victor L. Berger, labor leader and four time Socialist Party of America candidate, Eugene V. Debs, anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, former Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society president Joseph Franklin Rutherford, communists Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Pentagon Papers whistleblower Daniel Ellsberg, Cablegate whistleblower Chelsea Manning, and National Security Agency (NSA) contractor and whistleblower Edward Snowden. Rutherford's conviction was overturned on appeal.[1] Although the most controversial sections of the Act, a set of amendments commonly called the Sedition Act of 1918, were repealed on March 3, 1921, the original Espionage Act was left intact.[2] “ and “The Act also gave the Postmaster General authority to impound or to refuse to mail publications that he determined to be in violation of its prohibitions.” This part of the act was the most widely-used section used to suppress the German-Lanugage newspapers in circulation in 1917.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

You get a feel from these reports how the stalemate of trench warfare (while not gone) is starting to crack a little and that the war is entering a final and climatic phase. Still a year and a half to go ... but the energy is picking up.