The war is winding down. About 12 more days. Hard to believe. Gotta tell you, this has really been a fascinating journey following your posts. I, for sure, thank you.

Western Front
Successful French attack on 7.5-mile front north-west of Chateau Porcien (west of Rethel).
Western Front, Air: German fighters (2 lost) turn back No 107 Squadron’s D.H.9s (1 escort lost) from Mariembourg, but bombed on October 30.
Germany: 14 Independent Air Force aircraft bomb 9 different targets (night October 29-30, over 40 casualties).
British General William Birdwood being welcomed in Lille after the city was recaptured from the Germans: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...595216491261954
American 14-inch gun firing near Thierville, France: © IWM (Q 56650): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...851907090804736

Southern Front
Italy: AT 0830 HOURS AUSTRIANS SEEK ARMISTICE: Captain Ruggera takes white flag to Italian lines at Serravak in Adige valley.
Third Battle of the Piave (aka Battle of Vittorio Veneto): Calabria Brigade storms Mt Asolone (Grappa), but loses it to Austrians; Italians suspend operations in sleet and fog after 24,500 casualties. All 21 Italian Eighth Army bridges rebuilt as Austrian guns fall silent (night October 28-29) and British troops cross river Monticana by intact bridge after beating 2-division counter-attack. Italians play for time as Austrian collapse worsens. French troops capture Segusina with 3,000 PoWs and 18 guns. Austrian GHQ announces decision ‘to evacuate the Veneto … to show its goodwill towards peace’. Italian general 5-mile advance captures Conegliano and Susegana.
Seaplane squadron commander Lieutenant Casagrande Eugenio completes last of 15 agent landing and recovery operations behind Austrian Piave lines since July 30.
Wounded Italians receive front-line medical aid during the Battle of Vittorio Veneto: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...ndete.jpg?ssl=1
Albania: San Giovanni di Medua occupied by Italian forces (see January 25th, 1916).
Salonika: Lieutenant-General T M Bridges arrives to be British Military Mission Chief to Franchet d’Esperey.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Syria: EEF has 4,345 motor vehicles and 1,523 motor cycles.
Palestine: Armenian orphans at an orphanage in Palestine: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...836823710949378
Mesopotamia: Battle of Sharqat (see 30th): Pursuit of Turks continues: position cut-off and captured. British 7th Cavalry Brigade (c.3,100 strong) storms Cemetery Hill on foot taking 990 PoWs and 12 MGs as 3,000 men of 17th Division (509 casualties) make slow progress vs 4000 Turks.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Allied Naval Council prepares naval armistice terms (until November 4).
North Sea: High Seas Fleet prepares for*‘death or glory sortie’, but already passive resistance hampering it in all battleships and 3 small cruisers. Red Flags hoisted in battleships Thüringen and Helgoland.

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Archduke Joseph charged by Emperor Karl with scheme for independence of Hungary.
Arz cables Hindenburg that Austrian Army in Italy finished, over half divisions refuse to fight.
France: Indictment of Caillaux in French Senate.
Canada: 5th War Loan.
Emerging States: Yugoslav National Council at Agram repudiate Imperial policy and declare the independence of the Yugoslavs; independence of Croatia and Yugoslav lands agreed to by Croat Congress (see 5th, 21st, 26th and November 7th and 23rd).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Allies claim over 30,000 prisoners taken in Flanders during past month.
Region above Valenciennes flooded by Germans.
Western Front, Air: Mannheim bombed by British. Sopwith Dolphin fighters of No 19 Squadron and D.H.9s (No 98 squadron) attacked by many German fighters (10 lost) covering vital rail targets; 10 Dolphins and 4 D.H.9s lost; 2 D.H.9s crash-land, but 12 Bristol fighters (88 Squadron) destroy 9 of c.17 Fokker fighters over Tournai for no loss. 62 RAF aircraft (3 lost) attack Rebaix airfield north of Ath, hit 4 hangars and destroy 9 aircraft in air. c.30 German fighters scatter 2 D.H.9 squadrons (2 bombers and 4 fighter escorts shot down}. Lieutenant Degelow downs D.H.4, wins last of 75 air Pour le Merite awards. [Note: a claim I’m having great trouble verifying] RAF claims record 67 German aircraft for loss of 41.
New Zealand troops firing howitzers at Le Quesnoy, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...882124836483073
American soldiers operating a device used to locate enemy aircraft by reflecting and focusing its sound: © IWM (Q 73786): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...898467237371904
A destroyed street in Grandpré, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...928671372587008
Ned Parfett, who achieved fame as the newspaper boy holding the Evening News poster “Titanic Disaster Great Loss of Life” in 1912, is killed in action near Valenciennes: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...958872987013121
A German machine gun post captured on the Quéant line: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...218105175392256
Canadian soldiers admiring loot taken from the Germans: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...248357616369664

Southern Front
Third Battle of the Piave (aka Battle of Vittorio Veneto): Italian Firenze lancers and Bersaglieri cyclists enter Vittorio Veneto (old Austrian Sixth Army headquarter). Third Army storms Lower Piave at four points as Italian cavalry and armored cars begin pursuit; Austrian Sixth Army split in two. Claimed PoWs total 33,000. Austrian Belluno Group begins general retreat (night October 30-31). Austrian Armistice Delegates reach Villa Giusti near Padua at 2000 hours.
Severe fighting at Grappa.
Austrian PoWs at Vittorio Veneto: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...eneto.jpg?ssl=1
Serbia: Serbs reach Danube east of Semendria and occupy and Pozharevats.
Albania: 122,000 Austrian troops (5 ½ infantry and 1 cavalry divisions) with 540 guns in Albania and Serbia vs 144,000 Italians and 373 guns among 730,850 Allies with 1,883 guns.
Croatia: Fiume surrendered to the Croats by the Hungarian authorities (see Political, etc., below).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Mesopotamia: Battle of Sharqat (see 30th): Battle of Sharqat ends (see 28th). Turkish army on the Tigris surrenders. 11,321 PoWs; 51 guns; 130 MGs; 2,000 animals for 1,886 British casualties since October 23 including 7th Cavalry Brigade 16-mile north pursuit taking 1,200.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Germany: Room 40 intercepts High Seas Fleet 0800 hours signal ‘All officers on board the Flagship’ as first hint of mutiny. Order to leave port defied five times and crews too denuded by 1,000 arrests to do so (until October 31). Disorder and insubordination grow among German sailors who believe the German Admiralty will sacrifice them in a final battle. German Navy cancels the plan for a final sortie against the British Grand Fleet but mutinous sentiment and activity persists. Hipper disperses Fleet to the Elbe, Kiel and Wilhelmshaven.

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Hungarian Republic proclaimed: Count Janos Hadik Prime Minister.
Emperor Charles gives Fleet to Yugoslav National council, Danube Flotilla to Hungarians; allows officers to serve in new national armies.
Germany: Government note to US says armistice terms awaited.
United Kingdom: Serious influenza epidemic in London; 2,200 deaths last week.
Turkey: Armistice between Turkey and Entente Powers signed at Mudros (see 31st). 25 clauses begin with Dardanelles opening and occupation (published November 2).
Emerging States: "National Council of Fiume" proclaim the independence of the city and announce desire for union with Italy (see November 5th).
Croatian Congress (Sabor) unanimously adhere to Yugoslav declaration of independence (see 29th).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
British successful attack south-west of Audenarde (Courtrai), carrying all objectives; claim 1,000 prisoners.
British captures in last three months claimed to be: 172,659 prisoners, 2,378 guns, 17,000 machine guns, 2,750 trench mortars, etc.
Overall, just in October, Allies have captured 108,343 PoWs and 2,064 guns.
Foch tells Supreme War Council: ‘… since July 18 we have forced the enemy to retreat. We have attacked him along 400 kilometres and we are continuing to do so … we can continue it if the foe desires it right up to their complete defeat...’
Western Front, Air: In October record of 5,360,000 leaflets dropped by Allied balloons; AEF reports 80% German PoWs with one by October 15, BEF say 12% of theirs. RAF losses 164 aircraft, French 46.
American pilot Eddie Rickenbacker scores his 26th aerial victory, making him the top American ace in the war: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...308783410642945
Germany: 9 bombs from No 55 squadron D.H.s cause 86 casualties at Bonn.
British troops in the damaged town of Douai, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...338965668306947

Southern Front
Third Battle of the Piave (aka Battle of Vittorio Veneto): Austrians in Trentino and Venetian Alps separated and chased back, losing all positions between the Brenta and Piave.
Italian Fourth and Sixth Armies occupy empty Austrian Grappa and Asiago lines, by 1700 hours 2 Alpini battalions clear Feltre. British and Italians reach river Livenza. British recapture Sacile.
Austrian Commander-in-Chief applies to General Armando Diaz for an Armistice.
Italians and Slovenes take over Trieste.
Italian soldiers occupy an abandoned Austro-Hungarian position: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...llung.jpg?ssl=1
Albania: Scutari retaken by Italian forces (see January 23rd, 1916).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Persia: 600 British troops (35 casualties), 4 guns and 2 MGs take Lardeh village and 30 PoWs (until November 1).
Mesopotamia: Only 3,280 Turks with 44 guns estimated in Mosul or en route. General Lewin occupies Altun Kopri on Little Zab.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Austria: Fleet at Pola completes transfer to Southern Slav National Council in Agram. Non Serbian Slavs free to go home, ships fully illuminated for first time, Admiral Horthy makes farewell signal, relinquishes command at c.1645 hours.
Allied and neutral shipping October losses to U-boats: 52 ships (23 British with 318 lives) worth 112,427t (British total all causes 25 ships worth 59,229t); U-boat figure 73 ships worth 116,237t. Lowest monthly tonnage score since July 1916; 5 U-boats sunk.
Britain: In October over 10,000 ships reported as repaired since June 1917. Shipbuilding up nearly 50% over 1917, little change in jobs or days lost.

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Revolutions in Vienna and Budapest (see November 1st, 12th and 16th).
Count Istvan Tisza assassinated in Vienna (see May 23rd, 1917). István Tisza: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...581721292627970
End of the Dual Monarchy.
Polish troops occupy Cracow.
Death of Egon Schiele, Expressionist painter and soldier, aged 28 from flu at Vienna. 700,000 PoWs have returned from Russia since March 3.
Revolutionary Hungarian soldiers and civilians tired of war and Austrian rule occupy Budapest as part of the Aster or Chrysanthemum Revolution. Revolutionary soldiers in the city: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...550296782721025
Germany: Kaiser leaves Berlin (for last time) by train for OHL at Spa.
Turkey: Hostilities between Entente and Turkey cease at 12 noon (see 30th). Otto von Liman hands over to Mustapha Kemal at Adana, repatriation of 10,000 Germans begins.
Emerging States: Slovenes in Laibach National Assembly proclaim independence.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

11 Days until Armistice
Western Front
Foch’s plan for final phase of general offensive (until November 11): major thrusts by BEF in North and AEF in South, both supported by French armies on their flanks. BEF is to force the Scheldt, advance to Maubeuge and press on to seize Meuse crossings from Namur to Dinant. If taken before Germans evacuate Flanders they are to be pressed back against border of neutral Holland and captured. In south, US First and French Fourth Armies to advance by forced marches to seize Mezieres and Sedan, so isolating Germans facing French Centre Army Group and sever the great lateral railway Bruges-Ghent-Maubeuge-Mezieres–Metz, key artery to half of Western Front.
Scheldt: Battle of Valenciennes (until November 3): Haig turns Scheldt defences (Hermann position) and pushes east and north to Maubeuge, Mons and river Dendre. BEF Third and First Armies attack on 6-mile front and reach Valenciennes outskirts (4th Canadian Division captures Mont Houy) despite German 28th Reserve Division counter-attack with 4 (captured BEF) tanks (2 lost), last such effort. BEF Fourth Army’s 32nd Division and 3 tanks attacks Happegarbes Spur southwest of Landrecies. Constant rain (until November 11).
Aisne and Meuse: FRANCO-US offensive begins: US First Army (7 divisions) with 19 tanks and right wing of French Fourth Army; US V Corps in centre, drives a 5-mile deep wedge into German lines astride Bourgogne Wood including first AEF use of mustard gas (41t of gas, 36,000 round), as 4 German divisions overrun. US 5th Division crosses Meuse isolating Dun-sur-Meuse.
Western Front, Air: D.H.9s bomb Brussels rail station and Maubeuge.
Fonck’s 75th and final victory, a German leaflet-dropping two-seater.
Germany, Black Sea and Mediterranean: German Naval Air Service 1,478 aircraft and seaplanes with 16,122 men (2,116 aircrew) at 32 seaplane 17 land air bases strong.
New Zealand soldiers with a captured German machine gun at Sapignies, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...596832631660544
American wounded getting sandwich rolls and chocolate at a Red Cross Bureau at Toulouse: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...657237374668806

Eastern Front
Ukraine National Council assumes administration of East Galicia. "State of War" begins between The Ukraine and Poland (see 23rd). Fighting breaks out between Ukrainian and Polish forces in Lemberg (Lviv, Lwów), sparking the Polish-Ukrainian War. Lemberg proclaimed to be in state of siege.
Germany: Between 1-11 November 2 German divisions transfer to Western Front.
North Russia: In November A A Samoilo made C-in-C Sixth Detached Red Army (headquarter Vologda). Red Western Front formed and Ukrainian Soviet Army (late November).
Don: Red Army takes offensive vs Denisov’s Great Don Host (50,000 men).
North Russia: In November 2 air squadrons (White and RAF plus 6 Sopwith Camel fighters form late November) go into action above Dvina Force.

Southern Front
Third Battle of the Piave (aka Battle of Vittorio Veneto): Austrians retreat from Venetian Alps and plain towards River Tagliamento.
Comando Supremo receives Allied armistice terms by telephone from Paris by 0615 hours, General Pietro Badoglio tells Austrians’ actual text available only on November 2. Allies progress on Asiago plateau, Italians reoccupy Belluno and Longarone. Last Austrian GHQ communique ‘In the Veneto the evacuation operations proceed’.
In the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, Italian troops push on Austrian positions on Monte Grappa. Italian machine gunners on Monte Grappa: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...627020757229568
Serbia: Belgrade retaken by Serbian forces (see October 9th, 1915, and December 9th, 1918).

Eastern Front/West Asia Border Theater
Armenia-Azerbaijan: Merv retaken by British and White Russian forces [Approximate date.] (see August 18th).

Naval and Overseas Operations
Adratic: Italian raid sinks the Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Viribus Unitis. However, the Italians didn’t know the ship had been transferred to the newly-established (and neutral) State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. The sinking kills around 300-400 crew: © Q 80983.
Rhodesia: German force in East Africa enters Rhodesia and attacks Fife (see 9th and September 29th).

Political, etc
Austria: Baron Ludwig von Flotow succeeds Count Guyla Andrassy (provisionally) as Austrian Foreign Minister (see October 24th and October 25th).
Austrian Expressionist painter Egon Schiele dies to the Spanish flu at the age of 28, only three days after his pregnant wife also died to the flu. His self-portrait: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...718880209117187
Hungary: Independent Hungarian Government formed. Count Mihály Károlyi as Prime Minister.
With Budapest controlled by revolutionary soldiers and protestors, Emperor Karl of Austria-Hungary recognizes pro-Entente, anti-war politician Mihály Károlyi as the Prime Minister of Hungary: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...688684395458561
Russia: Early November Communist Youth League Komsomol founded; 100,000 members by end of 1919.
France: Versailles Conference opens. Around this date the Supreme Allied Council for Supply and Relief is formed.
United Kingdom: British War Cabinet decide to recognize Provisional Siberian Government.
RFP up 4% to 133%. Shipbuilding control transferred from Admiralty to Shipping Ministry.
Turkey: Talaat Pasha addresses last Congress of Party of Union and Progress, admits massacre of innocent Armenians by many officials.
Bulgaria: King Boris of Bulgaria abdicates (see October 4th). Peasant Government established at Tirnova under leadership of Mr. Aleksandr Stambuliski.
United States: 306,719 Army flu cases since September 12; 19,429 deaths.
Emerging States: Great Serbian National Council proclaimed at Sarajevo (Bosnia).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Battle of Valenciennes ends (see 1st and 3rd): Canadian Corps (c.380 casualties) captures Valenciennes and claiming 1,800 PoWs and 7 guns, and over 800 Germans killed.
Aisne and Meuse: Germans retreat before US I Corps which captures Buzancy and links with French Fourth Army.
Sambre: Mutiny of Eastern Front reinforcements for German Seventeenth Army; they have to be disarmed by a storm battalion.
French capture south bank of Canal des Ardennes between Semuy and Neuville.
Western Front, Air: First attempted ‘cloud’ (blind) bombing (using dead reckoning): lone D.H.9a of No 99 Squadron RAF drops 3 x 112lb bombs in area of Avricourt rail junction and nearby dump.
German prisoners are led down a street while French civilians watch: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...937811737845760
A wounded Canadian soldier being treated among the ruins of the Canal de l'Escaut:
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...952917653782528
New Zealand soldiers inspecting a British tank that was captured and used by the Germans: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...983121256267776
French civilians at Suresnes watch a procession for fallen Allied soldiers as it enters the cemetery: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...013326045839364

Southern Front
Italian Front: Italian First Army begins advance, occupies Rovereto and Calliano in Adige valley (night November 1-2) and Col Santo. Italian Seventh Army begins advance west of Lake Garda, captures Mt Pari near it. First armistice meeting 2100-0300 hours (night November 2-3), Austrians reluctantly accept 24-hour delay for end of hostilities.
Third Battle of the Piave (aka Battle of Vittorio Veneto): Austrian retreat in Venetian Alps and plain continued.
Italy: Allied Supreme War Council approves plan (until November 4) for up to 40 Italian divisions (including 5 British and French) to invade Bavaria from Innsbruck and Salzburg areas in early 1919 under Foch’s direction.
Allies enter Belluno.
Italian troops advance across the Assiago plateau: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...ebene.jpg?ssl=1
Italian troops continue their offensive in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, as the Austro-Hungarian Army collapses. Italian and British troops passing by abandoned Austro-Hungarian equipment: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...270021544116224


Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Mesopotamia: William Marshall gets full armistice terms; General Cassels sees Ali Ihsan, arranges advance to within 2 miles of Mosul.
Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in Mesopotamia William Marshall reads the proclamation of the armistice with the Ottoman Empire to his troops in Baghdad: © IWM (Q 56808): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...300198475182081

Naval and Overseas Operations
Mediterranean: Last British merchant vessels (S.S. Surada and Murcia) sunk by submarine.
Constantinople: Germans hand over U-boats to Turks.
Rhodesia: von Lettow bombards Fife in Northern Rhodesia but declines to assault (premature shell explodes mortar) while 1/4th King’s African Rifles 23 miles to east. Von Lettow advances into Northern Rhodesia with 400 cattle; at Mwenzo Mission increases quinine supply to over 30lb (enough to last to June 1919).

Political, etc
Austria: 69th Hungarian Infantry Regiment deserts Schoenbrunn Palace (Hungarian troops later officially allowed to go home) but Wiener Neustadt military cadets (military academies close) replace them. Emperor Charles refuses Archduke Joseph’s call to abdicate as King of Hungary.
Germany: Baltic: Mass meeting of 3rd Squadron sailors in Waldweisse meadow, Kiel. Stoker Karl Artelt urges men to persist for their imprisoned shipmates’ release and gain support from shipyard workers; 5 other speakers demand continuing resistance and refusal to obey orders (reactionary officers deserve to be ‘clubbed to death’), and an immediate end to war. Kiel Governor Admiral Souchon (of Goeben fame) attempts to disperse the crowd with 2 naval infantry coys, but both units refuse to open fire.
Paul von Hindenburg appeals for unity. Unions and industrialists demand demobilization office instead of Imperial Economic Office.
Poland: Polish Regency Council orders formation of regular Standing Army.
United Kingdom: Mass meeting of Trade Unionists in London to consider Labour's part in the Peace.
Turkey: Publication of armistice terms with Turkey.
Enver, Talaat and Djemal leave Constantinople in German naval ship for Ukraine.
United States: New York’s worst subway accident, the Malbone Street Wreck occurs in Brooklyn, resulting in around 93 deaths. (Another source says (97 killed, plus 100 injured). It is one of the deadliest train crashes in US history: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...058623925055490
Emerging States: Administration of Carniola taken over from the Austro-Hungarian authorities by Slovene leaders (see August 17th).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Flanders: Belgians reach outskirts of Ghent.
Aisne and Argonne: Franco-American offensive ends; Lille-Metz rail line severed. French IX Corps takes Basancourt Farm. Germans retreat in Argonne Forest. Americans capture Buzancy. French capture south bank of Canal des Ardennes between Semuy and Neuville.
British troops outside the destroyed train station at Valenciennes: © IWM (Q 78802): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...360614756777985
Allied flags flown by the residents of Valenciennes to greet the advancing soldiers: © IWM (Q 78804): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...390818623492096
Canadian soldier tries to comfort a wounded Belgian baby whose mother was killed by a shell: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...407172017713152
German prisoners captured and held at Le Quesnoy, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...633653281009664
The museum in Valenciennes, France that was looted by German troops: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...663851355385857
Canadian soldier in the ruins of Valenciennes: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...694060263817216

Eastern Front
Romania: Mackensen proposes immediate evacuation (US decrypt message, August von Mackensen receives Romanian ultimatum on November 9 and begins pullout November 10).
Poland: Polish Regency Council orders formation of regular Standing Army.

Southern Front
Third Battle of the Piave (aka Battle of Vittorio Veneto): AUSTRIAN ARMISTICE SIGNED AT 1800 HOURS by Generals Weber and Badoglio at Diaz’s Villa Giusti headquarter near Padua. Austrian Army group commanders suspend hostilities from 0330 hours. Italians (from Venice) land at Trieste, occupy Trento. British 48th Division completes haul of 23,000 PoWs with 14 battalions. Italian cavalry cross Tagliamento and regain Udine.
Trieste occupied by Italian forces.
Italian cavalry enters Trento. At the same time, a coy of Alpini troops lands in the port of Trieste: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rient.jpg?ssl=1
Serbia: Serb Government re-enters Belgrade.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Mutiny in the German fleet at Kiel becomes general (see August 3rd, 1917). 3,000 sailors and workers converge on Waldweisse in Kiel; a USPD representative and shipyard workers proclaim solidarity. The elated crowd then marches towards Feldstrasse naval gaol, but is fired on in Karlstrasse by 48 officer cadets and shipmates (Lieutenant Steinhauser), 8 killed, 39 wounded. Crowd retaliates with stones and a few rifle shots (Steinhauser killed), then disperses.
Adriatic: Italian Navy from Venice, Ancona, Brindisi and Albania begins occupying 32 Dalmatian Islands and Adriatic ports (until December 5) beginning with Trieste and Pelagosa Island (4 small craft) and Lissa island.

Political, etc
Among Allied Powers: Allied Governments agree to Germany's proposal for an armistice and peace on basis of President Wilson's proposals of January 8th (see 5th and October 23rd).
Austria: AUSTRIAN ARMISTICE WITH ALLIES signed at noon (effective November 4, published November 6) after Emperor Charles relinquishes supreme command to Arthur Arz (Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza nominated November 4).
Poland: Republic declared at Warsaw.
Emerging States: Yugoslav Republic declared at Agram.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Battle of the Sambre including the Second Battle of Guise (4th/5th): British Fourth (3 divisions with 26 tanks and 6 armored cars; 1,200 casualties), Third (8 divisions with 11 tanks) and First Armies (6 divisions) attack on 30-mile front from east of Valenciennes to Guise; Landrecies falls to 600 men of 25th Division. NZ Division storms Le Quesnoy taking 2,500 PoWs and 100 guns. Lieutenant W Owen (Manchester Regiment), war poet, killed aged 25 by MG fire at Sambre Canal assault. BEF 5-mile advance captures 10,000 PoWs and 200 guns. Haig orders Plumer to be ready to cross river Scheldt c. November 11. German Second Army begins retreat to Antwerp-Meuse position (night November 4-5). 10,000 prisoners and 200 guns captured.
Belgians advance to north-west and southern suburbs of Ghent.
French reach Le Chesne on Ardennes Canal.
Meuse and Argonne: Franco-Americans clear Argonne; AEF take Stenay and Dun-sur-Meuse.
New Zealand soldiers using a captured German machine gun near Beaudignies, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...754460330196992
Allied soldiers on the frontlines near Le Quesnoy: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...042593110147072
Divisional commanders on horseback riding into the newly captured town of Le Quesnoy, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...072788458364928
Allied troops win the Battle of Sambre, crossing the Sambre Canal and capturing the town of Le Quesnoy, Painting showing New Zealand troops scaling the walls of the town, by George Edmund Butler (1920): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...102987749126145

Southern Front
Third Battle of the Piave (aka Battle of Vittorio Veneto): Battle of Vittorio Veneto, and all fighting on the Italian Front ends with the armistic3e effective as of noon (see October 24th). Hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the Entente cease (see 3rd and 15th).
Diaz cables Paris that Italy will intervene to enforce Germany’s armistice terms if necessary.
US 332nd Infantry Regiment gets into action a few hours before ceasefire, capturing Austrian MGs on east bank of river Tagliamento. Italian 1st and 4th Cavalry Divisions reach the frontier in Carnia and Caporetto beyond. Italian 54th Division captures 10,000 Austrians at Muzzanella bridge west of coastal frontier after Commander Borghese cuts the road with Bafile Batallion and Arditi (November 3-4) who are forced to surrender at 0800 hours.
Montenegro: Antivari occupied by Italian naval forces (see January 22nd, 1916).
Serb Second Army liberates capital Cetinje.
Following the armistice with Austria-Hungary, Italian troops begin occupying all of Tyrol, including Innsbruck. Austro-Hungarian troops captured at Trento: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...012390992404480

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Mesopotamia: Mosul occupied by British forces under General Fanshawe (see October 23rd).

Naval and Overseas Operations
Baltic: Enraged by ‘Karlstrasse Bloodbath’ thousands of sailors, 20,000 garrison troops and workers join Kiel mutiny. Crew of battleship Grosser Kurfürst overpower their officers and march to Karlstrasse to swear an oath of vengeance. At mass meeting in 1st Torpedo Division, Artelt demands immediate establishment of a ‘sailors’ council’. Officers attempting to silence him are savagely disarmed. Council elected with Artelt as chairman drafts programme of ’14 demands’. Troops of 1st Dock Division arrive but refuse to fire, hand over their weapons. Even the staunchly loyal U-boat Division now turns against officer corps. At 1345 hours Kiel city Commander informs Souchon ‘The mutiny … continues to spread … we no longer possess any reliable troops…’. Souchon dismissed and replaced by Socialist Gustav Noske.
Demonstrating German sailors in Wilhelmshaven: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rosen.jpg?ssl=1
Karl Artelt, one of the leaders of the incipient revolution: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...785904364535809
Adriatic: Italian ships enter Fiume and Zara, occupy Rovigno, isles of Lagosta, Meleda and Curzola, and port of Dulcigno.

Political, etc
Germany: KIEL MUTINY: Revolution spreads to Lübeck and Travemünde (November 5), Hamburg, Bremen, Cuxhaven, Wilhelmshaven (November 6), Landwehr and workers. General Greoner goes to Berlin and learns no armistice if Kaiser does not abdicate; meets Chancellor Ebert on November 6. Stuttgart founds first Workers Council.
Turkey: Liman reaches Constantinople, put in command of evacuation; most Germans have or are sailing to Odessa (until November 19).
United States: U.S. recognize Polish army as autonomous and co-belligerent.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Battle of the Sambre including the Second Battle of Guise (4th/5th): Pursuit after Battle of the Sambre begins: BEF Fourth, Third and First Armies engaged; Mormal Forest cleared. Canadian Corps and 3 British divisions with tanks orce river Grand Honnelle (mainly just inside Belgium; until November 7). OHL ORDERS GENERAL RETIREMENT INTO ANTWERP-MEUSE POSITION (issued 0400 hours). Foch given ‘supreme strategical direction of all forces operating against Germany on all fronts’.
Aisne: French take Chateau-Porcien.
Meuse: General retreat of Germans from the Meuse to Conde on the Scheldt begins, French Center Army Group joins in pursuit. Groener in Berlin informs German Cabinet ‘… one thing must not be allowed to happen. The American Army … must be prevented from advancing north of Verdun’. MacArthur in command of 42nd ‘Rainbow’ Division (until November 22) on advancing US I Corps flank after AEF link with Gouraud.
Douglas MacArthur, one of the most important generals of the Second World War, as commander of the Rainbow Division in 1918: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...w-Div.jpg?ssl=1
American troops leaving for the front: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...123122966855681
An American deserter and straggler wearing signs marking their crimes in France: © IWM (Q 70742): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...389879023517697

Naval and Overseas Operations
Baltic: Captain Weniger and 2 other officers of battleship König, shot dead while attempting to prevent hoisting of red flag on their ship (Kiel town cadet also killed by sailors on November 6). Kaiser’s brother Grand Admiral Prince Heinrich flees in a truck flying the red flag.
North Sea: H.M.S. Campania sunk by collision in the Firth of Forth with battleship HMS Revenge, No lives are lost: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...450287495221248

Political, etc
Germany: (Listed for yesterday): German troops are sent to Kiel to disperse the mutinous sailors, but many end up refusing orders or joining the revolutionaries. The city of Kiel falls under the control of the revolutionary sailors and workers, and they issue their “14 Points”: http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org...ocument_id=3939
Soviet Ambassador Yoffe expelled from Germany for subversion, but gives Independent Socialists 4 million rubles for propaganda on November 6.
Russia: Resignation of Siberian Government in favour of "All-Russian Government" (i.e., Whites not Bolsheviks).
United Kingdom: Lloyd George announces Armistice conditions in Commons.
British Ministerial changes; Sir A. Geddes becomes President of Local Government Board in place of Mr. W. Hayes-Fisher, resigned.
Rows of munitions in a warehouse at the National Shell Filling Factory at Chitwell, Nottinghamshire: © HU 96430: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...359682169573377
United States: President Wilson sends final Note to the German Government with Allies' acceptance of armistice proposals (see 3rd and 8th). Germany must apply to Foch for terms. Government recognizes Romanian Unity National Council (Britain on November 11, Italy on November 22).
U.S. elections for Congress; Republican majority returned.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Rethel taken by French forces.
Meuse: US 1st Division reaches Sedan (see August 29th, 1914): traffic halted on key Mezieres-Montmedy railway; only line to Western Front still available south of Ardennes; 4 German armies are virtually cut off. Army Group Gallwitz ordered to retire to Antwerp-Meuse position. Groener warns Chancellor: ‘… even Monday will be too late [for an armistice], it must be Saturday at the latest’.
Scheldt: Canadians enter Belgium, forcing Rivers Aunelle and Honelle north of Valenciennes-Mons road; they take 1,750 PoWs from 7 German divisions (November 1-8).
Sambre: British Third Army makes very limited advances owing to Seventeenth Army rearguards and repeated shelling of river crossings; added to heavy rain, bad roads and limited room for manoeuvre.
Oise and Aisne: French recapture Vervins and Rethel.
Lorraine: Foch decides to attack as soon as possible and assigns troops from US Second Army.
American soldiers with French FT-17 tanks are advancing: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...-FT17.jpg?ssl=1
American soldier manning a machine gun near Grandpré, France: © IWM (Q 79595): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...768626323054592
American US Signal Corps photographers taking reconnaissance photos of German lines near Varennes-en-Argonne: © IWM (Q 113418): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...798837177524226
An old French couple greeting American soldiers after they retook Brieulles-sur-Bar: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...829028679573504

Naval and Overseas Operations
Baltic: Following Kiel, the German port of Wilhelmshaven also falls to revolutionary sailors and workers. Revolutionary sailors of battleship SMS Prinzregent Luitpold: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...859223130058752
Caspian: 5 Royal Navy ships reach Petrovsk (Northern Caucasus) to fetch Bicherakov.

Political, etc
Austria: Emperor formally demobilize armed forces.
Germany: A dozen sailors persuade all 12,000 workers at Hamburg’s Blohm & Voss shipyard to down tools. Friedrich Ebert, leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany: “If the Kaiser does not abdicate, the social revolution is inevitable. But I do not want it, I even hate it like sin.”
Russia: Lenin tells 6th Soviet Congress ‘Germany has caught fire, and Austria is burning out of control.’
United Kingdom: Lloyd George lunches and dines ministers; they agree to call General Election.
Serbia: King Peter of Serbia re-enters Belgrade (see 1st and January 17th, 1916).
Romania: Marghiloman Government resigns at Jassy, General Coanda succeeds.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
France: Germans radio Foch with names of armistice envoys, (leave Spa at noon) he stipulates they must come to Forest of Compiegne. Marshall Foch informs German armistice delegates they may advance to French outposts by Chimay-Fourmies-La Capelle-Guise road. Haig orders that on November 8th ‘The Fourth, Third and First Armies should continue their present operations … reaching the line Avesnes-Maubeuge-Mons (Avesnes road): advanced guards and mounted troops should then be pushed forward beyond … to keep touch with the enemy … the Fifth and Second Armies… with the Flanders Group of Armies should on the 11th November … force a passage of the Scheldt and then drive the enemy back over the river Dendre.’
Record of 190,564 US soldiers in 23 hospitals and 21 hospital trains. French Army has 185 hospital trains (8 in 1914).
Sambre: British advance 5 miles through Avesnes and Bavai to Haumont, 3 miles west of Maubeuge and Elouges (9.5 miles south-west of Mons).
Scheldt: German artillery ‘hate shoot’ on Oudenarde, heavy civilian casualties. At 1915 hours Petain cables ‘... Reserve Army Group is to support the British right wing, making its principal effort by the Chimay gap [before Givet on Meuse]; Centre Army Group is to secure Mezieres, Charleville and Sedan and establish bridgehead on the Meuse’.
Meuse and Argonne: US 29th Division and French 10th Colonial Div meet on Borne de Cornoiuller (15,000 US casualties since Septembet 26) above Meuse after fighting since November 3. US Third Army formed. French and Americans threaten Charleville-Mezieres.
Australian troops are advancing on the Western front: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...front.jpg?ssl=1
A “baby dispatch car” designed for use by the US Army: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...167508945190913

Southern Front
Serbia: Franchet d’Esperey and Serb Crown Prince enter Belgrade under triumphal arches and meet Karolyi’s Hungarian delegation which left Budapest on November 5, hand them the armistice terms.
Austria: Austrians inform Italians that elements of II Bavarian Corps approaching Brenner Pass.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Allenby makes Anglo-French declaration of Eastern Peoples’ “liberation” from Turkish oppression.
Syria: Yilderim and Seventh Army HQs closed, Kemal recalled to Constantinople, Nihad Pasha in command of Second Army takes over.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: Harwich Force sorties (until November 8) but cannot prevent some German steamers interning themselves in Holland by sailing in Dutch territorial waters. First Sea Lord Admiral Sir R Wemyss made British Naval Representative for Armistice talks. Beatty writes ‘The Fleet, my Fleet, is brokenhearted [at being denied battle], but are still wonderful, the most wonderful thing in creation.’

Political, etc
Germany: Bavaria proclaimed a Republic by Prussian Jew Kurt Eisner at Munich as King Ludwig III flees into Austria (formally deposed November 8, ‘abdicates’ November 16), becoming the first monarch in the German Empire to be deposed: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...227918440349697
Majority Socialists demand Kaiser and Prime Minister’s abdication by noon November 8, resign from Reichstag and call General Strike for November 8. Demobilization Office set up. General Linsingen in command of Brandenburg forbids Soviets.
The German revolution spreads to nearly all coastal cities, as well as Munich, Hanover, Brunswick, and Frankfurt. Sailors seize Cologne despite 45,000-strong garrison. Kiel and Hamburg in hands of "Soviets" (i.e., Workers’ and Sailors’ councils).
Alsace: Pro-French demo at Strasbourg.
Russia: Statue of Marx and Engels is unveiled by Lenin in Moscow for the first anniversary of the Russian Revolution: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...107105636618240
United Kingdom: Labour Ministry forms Civil Demobilization and Resettlement Department. Churchill announces munitions ‘carry on at reduced speed’ (not less than halftime on November 9, in force November 11). Health Ministry Bill introduced into Commons.
United States: False armistice celebrated in New York due to erroneous UP dispatch. Similar false news is spread in other Allied countries: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...197716473626625
Emerging States: Yugoslav conference at Geneva decide to form a joint Yugoslav-Serbian Government to control military and foreign affairs (see 23rd, and October 29th).

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
France: German armistice delegates reach Allied General Headquarters (see 11th and October 23rd), led by Matthias Erzberger, they see Foch at 0900 hours, refer terms to Berlin 1300 hours. Marshal Foch refuses request for provisional armistice, terms of armistice to be accepted or refused by 11 am on 11 November.
Maubeuge retaken by British forces (see September 7th, 1914).
French reach outskirts of Hirson and Mezieres; French and Americans clear heights east of Meuse.
Germans retire from Hermann position (Oudenarde-Tournai-Conde). BEF begins advance to Armistice Line (18,000 PoWs taken since November 1). US Second and First Armies and 4 French Armies begin final advance.
Sambre: British 32nd Division (Fourth Army) captures Avesnes.
Scheldt: Germans begin withdrawing opposite BEF Fifth Army at 0200 hours. British patrols soon discover abandoned German bridgehead west of Antoing-Tournai, British quickly reach western bank from Bruyelle to Froyennes and cross river.
German delegation led by Matthias Erzberger crosses the front lines to negotiate the armistice with the Allies: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...258114518298625
A German prisoner crossing the Canal de l'Escaut: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...469493577801729
German guns captured by the Canadians around Cambrai: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...500955723194368

Political, etc
Austria: War Minister and Emperor order that new loyalty oath replaces imperial one.
Germany: German senior commanders unanimously imply to imperial chancellor that army cannot be relied on, if ordered, to suppress uprisings at home.
Prince Max’s proclamation to Germans abroad declaring Germany beaten, and resigns Chancellorship. King of Württemberg and Duke of Brunswick abdicate. Pilsudski released from Magdeburg fortress to Berlin, arrives Warsaw on November 10.
Poland: Leaders tells Austria they has assumed sovereignty over Galicia.
United Kingdom: Blockade Minister warns enemy ships’ transfer will not be recognized.
Final wartime import restrictions issued (first relaxation on November 14).
Romania: M. Marghiloman, Romanian Premier, and M. Arian, Romanian Foreign Minister, resign (see March 21st, and December 1st).
United States: Woodrow Wilson cables congratulations to new governments at Vienna, Budapest and Prague.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

The end is in sight.

More than you might realize. Today's post:
Western Front
Scheldt: Germans in general retreat on British Second Army front; British take Tournai.
Sambre: Guards Division battalion (Third Army) occupies Maubeuge. BEF Fourth Army organizes Major-General Bethell’s mobile force (including 5th Cavalry Brigade and 5 armoured cars) to pursue Germans across Belgian frontier east of Avesnes (until November 11).
Aisne: French capture Hirson rail junction.

Southern Front
Austro-Hungarian and German planes damaged at a captured aerodrome in Campoformido, Italy: © Q 108874: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...531166036574210

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Syria: Alexandretta occupied by Entente naval forces.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Eastern Atlantic: Last U-boat sunk: U-34 (sinker of 121 ships of 262,886t since 1915) sunk off Gibraltar by British ex-Q-ship Privet and minelayers.
Atlantic: The pre-dreadnought battleship H.M.S. Britannia sunk by submarine UB-50 off Cape Trafalgar, resulting in 50 deaths (last warship so lost). British battleship HMS Britannia: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...818043092250625
North Sea: Grand Fleet heavily afflicted by flu, 2 captains die. U-boat Commander Michelsen orders last c.20 loyal U-boats and small craft to home ports.
Rhodesia: Kasama taken by Colonel von Lettow-Vorbeck's force (see 1st and 13th).

Political, etc
Between Allied Powers: Joint Declaration by British and French Governments regarding future occupation of Syria and Mesopotamia.
Austria: Emperor Karl to his advisers ‘I will not abdicate and I will not flee the country’.
Hungary: Reported resignation of Marghiloman Cabinet at Jassy; General Coanda to form New Cabinet
Germany: Revolution breaks out in Berlin. German Imperial Chancellor Prince Max announces that the Kaiser has decided to abdicate, as Philipp Scheidemann proclaims German Republic from Reichstag, Prince Max becomes Regent. Herr Friedrich Ebert becomes Imperial Chancellor (see 10th, 28th and October 4th). Prince Max becomes Regent (having announced Kaiser’s abdication) and Ebert becomes Chancellor. General Wilhelm Groener (after 39 division, brigade and regiment commanders give Army’s opinion), tells Kaiser at Spa Army will not follow him (‘Treason, gentlemen, barefaced treason!’). Groener boldly states ‘The Army will march back home under its own generals in good order but not under the leadership of Your Majesty’. Kaiser retorts ‘I require that statement in writing, I want all the commanding generals to state … that the Army no longer stands behind its Supreme Commander. Has it not taken an oath on the colors?’ Groener replies that in this situation oaths lose their meaning. Saxony declared a Republic. Eisner Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in Bavaria.
Majority socialist Philipp Scheidemann proclaims the German Republic from a window of the Reichstag “The old and rotten, the monarchy has collapsed. The new may live. Long live the German Republic!”: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...k-aus.jpg?ssl=1
Kaiser tells Reinhard Scheer (at Spa) ‘I no longer have a Navy’. Franz von Hipper’s flagship hoists red flag and he goes ashore.
Karl Liebknecht Sparticists seize Old Palace and hang red flag. Republic of Hesse declared. Krupp Works at Essen close; Gustav Krupp decides to keep pre-war workers (November 10) and sends 70,000 (including over 30,000 Poles) home with 2 weeks pay and rail tickets (until November 18).
Herr Kurt Eisner assumes Prime Ministry and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bavarian Republic.
Max von Baden: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...848242995458049
Poland: Polish Government formed at Lyublin.
United Kingdom: Lloyd George in Guildhall speech says Germany’s choice immediate surrender or worse fate.
Lloyd George on Kaiser’s abdication ‘Was there ever a more dramatic judgment?’
A surgical ward in Winchester, England: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...591558699950082
Italy: Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando Rome speech claims ‘it is a Roman victory’.
Romania: Romanian ultimatum to Marshal von Mackensen: German troops to leave Romania within 24 hours.
United States: Woodrow Wilson directs Herbert Hoover to Europe (in London November 23) for food relief.
Switzerland: Swiss Federation of Workmen's Unions orders general strike.
Emerging States: Czechoslovakian official addressing crowds in Prague. The country proclaimed its independence from Austria-Hungary on October 28th: © IWM (Q 112683): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...561357706268673

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Tomorrow's the day! Hard to believe.