Western Front
Second Battle of the Somme: British advance on Peronne, crossing Somme at Feuilleres (west of Peronne) and taking Clery (north-west of Peronne).
British advance towards Cambrai, attacking between Haucourt and Hendecourt (north and south of Arras-Cambrai road).
Violent fighting at Bullecourt (south of Hendecourt).
Battle of the Scarpe 1918: Battle of the Scarpe, 1918, ends (see 26th). Germans retreat on Lys front; Bailleul retaken by British forces (see April 15th).
Meuse: US First Army now has 16 divisions. John Pershing concentrates 3 AEF (I, IV and V) Corps and 1 French (II Colonial) with 3,020 (1,329 French) guns; 267 tanks; 1,500 aircraft (609 US-piloted) round St Mihiel Salient (until September 11).
Aisne: US 32nd Division (over 2,600 casualties) storms Juvigny in 2 1/2 mile penetration (until September 1) as Charles Mangin crosses the Ailette and turns east behind Chemin des Dames with 300 tanks in support.
AEF now holds 90 miles of front (68 miles on July 30), BEF holds 87 miles.
Wounded French soldiers with their pet peacock at a hospital in Pau, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...826798608121856
Stretcher bearers of the Seaforth Highlanders resting near Rœux during the Battle of Scarpe: © IWM (Q 7014): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...856987471822850
Bapaume, France, after its capture by New Zealand troops from the Germans: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...068368443858946

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Trans-Jordan: First 600 supply camels begin 300-mile march to Azrak. A camel supply column used by British forces during the campaign in Palestine: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...amele.jpg?ssl=1
Mesopotamia: Publication of General Marshall's first dispatch re: Mesopotamia.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Mozambique: Action at Lioma (until August 31): Paul von Lettow attacks camp from 3 sides but is repulsed as Kartucol arrives, losing 95 casualties (including 29 Europeans), 200 carriers, ammo, baggage and medical stores. Kartucol just fails to trap Lettow, having pursued 435 miles in month.

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Count Stephan Burian notifies Berlin of Austrian intention to take independent peace action.
Russia: Attempt on Vladimir Lenin's life in Moscow. Lenin wounded (pistol bullet through hip, another in shoulder) by Socialist Revolutionary Dora Kaplan (executed on September 4).
United Kingdom: Lieut.-General Sir C.F.N. Macready, Adjutant-General, Home Forces, Great Britain, resigns (see February 22nd, 1916, and September 11th, 1918).
Government welcome to Mr. Samuel Gompers (President of American Federation of Labor).
London Police strike.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of the Somme: Second Battle of Bapaume (until September 3): British Third Army with tanks and armored cars.
Australians capture Peronne: After crossing the river 5 miles south of Peronne 1,320 men of 2nd Australian Division drive German 2nd Guard Division (over 700 PoWs) off Mont St Quentin, 1 mile north of Peronne (until September 2). Rawlinson calls it ‘The finest single feat of the whole war’ (8 Victoria Crosses won). Pershing letter to Foch insists on integral US First Army.
Cambrai: 3 German tanks attack British lines near Bapaume but repulsed by artillery fire; 2 captured.
Flanders: Germans evacuate Mt Kemmel.
Battle of the Scarpe 1918: Battle ends.
Germany: During August Germans disband 10 divisions to stiffen remainder.
Britain: BEF (108,712 casualties including some to September 3) has taken 63,579 PoWs and 870 guns among total German August loss of 228,000, only 130,000 German replacements available.
France: French troops (c. 100,000 casualties) take 31,000 PoWs and 890 guns during August.
AEF: Tank Corps receives 144 Renault FT-17 light tanks.
Western Front, Air: No. 110 (Hyderabad) Squadron RAF reaches France, equipped with Liberty-engined D.H.4s. RAF August aircraft losses a record so far with 215 planes (French 55) but record 948t bombs dropped (French drop 550t). During August Germans claim record 655 Allied aircraft for record loss of 174.
Britain: All London Air Defence Area squadrons fitted with radio telephone linked to central operations room (September 12).
Refugee French women making straw hats for the French Army. The work provides them with their livelihoods: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...143873188773889
Scottish pipe band playing in the ruins of La Petite Place (Place des Héros) in Arras, France: © IWM (Q 78700): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...174074329296897
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, takes a break from his tour of naval facilities in Europe by fishing in Black Water River, Scotland: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...204281761181697
A British soldier inspecting a German war grave: © IWM (Q 9284): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...462219369250821
A Royal Engineer with a gas-proof homing pigeon box, which allows him to attach messages to the pigeon without exposing it to the outside air. Roye, France: © IWM (Q 9288): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...492420325199872
Two German A7V tanks in Frémicourt: © IWM (Q 37344): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...522637949227008

Eastern Front
Bolshevik position 75 miles south of Archangel on Vologda Railway carried by Allies.

Southern Front
Aegean: RAF Aegean Group has 116 aircraft (38 seaplanes).
Italian Front: 3 No. 45 Squadron Sopwith Camel fighters claim all 6 Austrian fighters encountered over Allied lines.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Siberia: The 3 Czech Legion groups link up to control whole Trans-Siberian railway.

Naval and Overseas Operations
In August Allied and neutral shipping lost to U-boats: 104 ships (41 British with 217 lives), 278,876t (British 145,7211); U-boat figure 154 ships worth 310,180t including 38 ships of 71,490t in Mediterranean (1 ship with 2,209t to Austrians); 7 U-boats sunk (2 to unknown causes).
Mozambique: Action at Lioma (until August 31): British attack Germans successfully near Lioma, un Lurio valley, and drive them south.

Political, etc
Russia: Volga: Josef Stalin letter to Lenin says Cossacks breaking up, asks for Caspian naval force including 2 submarines.
Fanya Kaplan is arrested for the attempted assassination of Vladimir Lenin: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...098563871744002
Moisei Uritsky, head of the Cheka (Soviet secret police), is assassinated by Leonid Kannegisser. This assassination, along with the assassination attempt on Lenin, provokes the Red Terror. Moisei Uritsky: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...113668818677760
United Kingdom: London Police strike settled; men return to work.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

72 Days until the Armistice
Western Front
Second Battle of the Somme: Second Battle of Bapaume (until September 3): Capture of Peronne completed; British take Bouchavesnes and Rancourt. British 52nd and 57th Divisions finally secure Bullecourt and Hendecourt after fighting since August 28; BEF Third Army clears eight more villages east and southeast of Bapaume (until September 2), has gained 8-13 miles with 11,000 PoWs from 23 German divisions since August 21. 5th Australian Division reoccupies Peronne (until September 2) after 2nd Australian Division captures Mt St Quentin. 3 British divisions capture 4 villages and farm to north. Amiens salient eliminated.
Australian troops successfully capture the strategic Mont Saint-Quentin, which overlooks Péronne and the Somme River. Painting of the battle by Fred Leist: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...583023834652672
Flanders: British 30th Division (Second Army) recaptures Neuve Eglise and Wulverghem (September 2). and make general progress south of Scarpe.
French advance continues north of Noyon; above Soissons they capture Leury, Juvigny, Coucy and other places.
BEF peak 1918 estimated strength of 1,916,464 soldiers (record 163,635 Canadians).
Western Front, Air: Germans claim 27 Allied aircraft for loss of 8. RAF F.E.2b night bombers attack 3 defended villages in front of BEF First Army with 300 bombs (night September 1/2/3, tactic repeated on September 18).
Britain: 16,224 American mechanics have arrived to work and train with RAF (3,931 by March 1).
Germany: During September the number of RAF raids peaks, with 62.
A crashed plane burns as Canadian troops advance on the Arras front: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...820825016979456
A British soldier poses with the bombs of a downed German Gotha bomber: © IWM (Q 11914): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...851021732470785
A platoon of Australian infantry in the morning mist: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...l-inf.jpg?ssl=1
Field Marshal Douglas Haig reviews Canadian troops near Drocourt and Quéant, France, where the Germans had set up a defensive line: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...570449730727937
Troops of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers advance in Flanders: © IWM (Q 7022): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...881222789054464

Eastern Front
Germany: During September 3 German divisions and Austrian 106th Division leave for Western Front.
Urals: In September Future Soviet Marshal V K Bliukher leads the 10,000-strong South Urals Partisan Army, having marched 1,500 km in 40 days of continuous fighting to attack the White forces from the rear. Becomes the first Order of the Red Banner winner (instituted September 16).
South Russia: By now White Volunteer Army 35,000-40,000 strong (Lieutenant-General Wrangel joins from Crimea on September 7).
Russia: In September Aviadarm formed with 315 planes (mainly Anglo-French made) to support Red Army.

Southern Front
Italian soldiers in the trenches along the Piave River: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...552826892734465

Eastern Front/West Asia Border Theater
Georgia: Turks begin attack on Baku.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Siberia: By now White Siberian Army has 38,000 men and 70 guns.

Naval and Overseas Operations
USA: Shipping Board has 331 Allied and neutral ships on charter worth 1,084,986t.
Mediterranean: Only 8 of 979 ships sailed in convoy lost (during September).
Allied Otranto Barrage Force: 280 ships including 31 destroyers; 8 submarines; 10 sloops and torpedo boats; 36 US subchasers; 153 trawlers.
Eastern Atlantic: 3 US battleships stationed at Berehaven (Southwest Ireland) to cover Atlantic convoys from surface attack, sail for that purpose in October.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of the Somme: Second Battle of Bapaume (until September 3): Battle on 23-mile front; Canadian Forces of First Army, supported by tanks, break through Drocourt-Queant "Switch" line, (Wotan sector of Siegfried (Hindenburg Line)) in 4 hours from 0500 hours: 1st and 4th Divisions (7 Victoria Crosses won) break through and reach open country except on extreme left, 57 tanks in support. Advance defeats 11 German divisions south of Scarpe, capture Cagnicourt and Villers, encircle and take Queant by nightfall; 10,000 prisoners.
In Lys sector British also gain ground, and north of Peronne, where Sailly-Sallisel and whole of St. Pierre-Vaast Wood re-taken.
General Mangin continues advance north of Soissons, captures Neuilly and Terny Sorny.
Ludendorff issues order for second phased retirement to 4 armies shortly after 1400 hours – in south to main 10-mile deep Hindenburg position, in north behind and along Canal du Nord (average fall back of 13 miles). BEF has advanced average of 14 miles on 26-mile front since August 21, taken 46,241 PoWs for c.89,000 casualties, defeated 66 German divisions (c.115,600 casualties in total). Foch, Petain and Pershing meet.
Canadian troops march forward to attack the Hindenburg Line: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...linie.jpg?ssl=1
Western Front, Air: JG3 destroys 26 Allied aircraft without loss, but up to 90 RAF single-seaters strafe ahead of Canadian Corps. British lose 36 aircraft (including 4 Sopwith Camel fighters of US No 148 Squadron) and 13 balloons, claim 8 German. Germans claim 50 Allied aircraft for loss of 6.
Germany: 5 Handley Page bombers inflict damage of 400,000 Reichsmark on Saarbrücken’s Burbach works (night September 2-3).
A chaplain conducts service in the nacelle of a F.E.2b night bomber: © IWM (Q 12109): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...911422511915014
The ruins of Bailleul after it was recaptured by the Allies: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...941629771886593
German workers, including women and children, inside an airplane factory: © IWM (Q 110343): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...153010282536960
British soldiers shave inside a shell hole near Kemmelberg, Belgium: © IWM (Q 72619): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...183212261879809
American artillery in action at Beaumont, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...243608918220800
Canadians on the advance as German artillery lands nearby: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...273811111505920

Eastern Front
Russia: Red Terror declared (Petrograd Cheka announce 512 executed). Red Revolutionary Military Council formed with Trotsky Chairman. SOVNARKOM accuse anglo-french representatives of plotting.
North Russia: Italian battalion lands at Murmansk.
North Caucasus: Bicherakov occupies Petrovsk. Muslim Chechen overthrow Shura Soviet on September 3.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Siberia: Czechs from Lake Baikal join Semyonov at Manchuria Station. US Major-General Graves lands at Vladivostok.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: Kurt Beilzen ‘the man who killed Lord Kitchener’ killed when his U-102 is sunk by mines off Northern Barrage.
Britain: Weymss indicates to Beatty that new German naval cipher broken.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of the Somme: Numerous battles representing differing aspects or sectors come to an end, including: Second Battles of Arras, 1918 (see August 26th); Second Battle of Bapaume (see August 31st); Battle of the Scarpe. British advance rapidly beyond Drocourt-Queant line towards Canal du Nord, capture Lecluse, Rumancourt and Baralle. Lens occupied by British forces (see October 4th, 1914) after German evacuation and retreat rapidly between Queant and Peronne. In the Lys sector, Allies capture Richebourg-St. Vaast. South of Peronne, French cross Somme at Epenancourt. East of Noyon, French reach outskirts of Salency.
France: Foch issues general order specifying unremitting attacks all along the line.
Germany: Ludendorff secret order deplores defeatist talk by men on leave.
Two well-laden British soldiers in action: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...fecht.jpg?ssl=1
Western Front, Air: Allies claim 55 German aircraft (Germans admit loss of 8 for 30 Allied).
A British soldier holds up a magpie at a captured German machine-gun post near Péronne: © IWM (Q 11269): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...8770688/photo/1
Mounted Australian troops of the 13th Light Horse Regiment near Péronne: © IWM (Q 11325): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...4301057/photo/1
Wounded American soldiers and a nurse at a military hospital in Neuilly, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...8022786/photo/1
German troops coming back from the Battle of the Bapaume after losing it to New Zealand troops: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...1710208/photo/1
Ruins of Lens, France after its capture by the Allies: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...3436161/photo/1

Southern Front
Austro-Hungarians re-take two observation posts from Italians between Mt. Mantello and South Matteo.
Salonika: 6 RAF S.E.5a and Sopwith Camel fighters destroy 4 of 6 German aircraft encountered after lone Bristol photo recon monoplane shot down into Lake Doiran.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: 6 Royal Navy monitors fire 550 shells (including 52 x 18-inch shells from General Wolfe at 36,000 yards) at Snaeskerke rail junction and bridge 4 miles south of Ostend despite German aircraft bombing (repeated September 29, October 2 and 3).
Neutrals, Chile: 7 of 32 interned German steamers partially sabotaged by crews, but Chilean troops board.

Political, etc
Russia: Fanya Kaplan is executed by the Soviets for attempting to assassinate Vladimir Lenin. The Soviets had abolished executions in 1917, but quickly reversed their decision: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...3279745/photo/1
United States: United States Government recognizes the Czechoslovaks as possessing a de facto Government (see August 13th and October 21st).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Germans retreat on wider front; Canal du Nord forced by British and villages of Manancourt and Etricourt carried.
Ruyaulcourt also taken and outskirts of Havrincourt Wood reached.
British reach Moeuvres.
Lys sector Ploegsteert and Hill 63 carried.
Prisoners since 2nd number 15,000.
Germans retreat before French in Noyon pocket, between Canal du Nord and Oise.
French line now passes through Guiscard and Apilly.
Western Front, Air: RAF day bombers raid Valenciennes, Douai and Cambrai, air combat costs 15 RAF and 11 German aircraft.
The damaged town hall of Montdidier, Somme: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...915548112728064
American soldiers occupying a trench near Bazoches, France: © IWM (Q 70707): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...945748376596485
Two British soldiers release propaganda leaflets attached to balloons near Béthune: © IWM (Q 12193): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...975951823994880
Wounded soldiers enjoying the sun and playing checkers at a hospital in France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...006160421953537

Eastern Front
Obozerskaya (North Russia) occupied by Allied forces (see August 2nd). The Royal Air Force contingent in North Russia assists Allied forces in the capture of Obozerskaya.
United States contingent (Colonel Stewart’s 339th Regiment, embarked Newcastle August 26) lands at Murmansk to join Allied Expeditionary Force (see 2nd).

Southern Front
Britain: Lloyd George approves Macedonia offensive after Adolphe Guillaumat visits London, latter then visits Rome who approve on September 10.
Soldiers of the ‘Armee l’Orient’ in Macedonia (back row, left ro right): an Italian artilleryman, Greek private, Serb private, British cavalryman, Russian private, French private: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rient.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
Russia: R H Bruce Lockhart again arrested. British War Cabinet cable threatens reprisals if British lives not guaranteed.
United States: A bomb explodes at the Chicago Federal Building, killing 4 and injuring 75. 16-year-old Walt Disney was working in the building as a mail carrier, but was uninjured (later writing: “I missed that darn thing by about three minutes”): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...055250560155650
This bombing was used as an excuse by the US Federal Government to raid the offices of the IWW, and widespread suppression of that organization, mass arrests, and convictions of IWW leaders followed.
China: Hsu-Shih-Chang elected President of China (see October 11th).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Somme sector: British still advance north and south of Peronne; approach high ground on Athies-Nurlu front; local fighting about Moeuvres and Neuville-Bourjonval.
Steady advance of General Humbert's Army from Noyon towards St. Quentin; crosses Somme canal and approaches within three miles of Ham.
Vesle sector (east of Soissons) Franco-American troops drive Germans north towards the Aisne, reaching the river in Conde sector. The french Foreign Legion’s 3rd Battalion storms MG-studded Terny-Sorny, then held at Allemant (September 6).
Meuse: AEF St Mihiel attack set for September 12.
Western Front, Air: RAF reduces low-flying fighter ops to recuperate, losses fall dramatically until September.
Canada: Royal Canadian Naval Air Service founded.
French Schneider Modele 1912 railway gun, dismounted from its carriage onto a turntable and extensively camouflaged for heavy long-range fire support: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...y-gun.jpg?ssl=1
A British soldier demonstrates a German bicycle frame used to generate electricity in the trenches: © IWM (Q 7046): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...281712944947202
British soldier with an overturned German 10cm gun at Moislains, Somme: © IWM (Q 7043): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...343382618734592

Eastern Front
Ukraine: Hetman Skoropadski in Berlin; 1918-19 Economic agreement signed at Kiev on September 11

Southern Front
Italian and British officers compete at a horse jumping competition at Trissino, Italy: © IWM (Q 25800): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...313168131993601

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Arabia: The Hejez Arabs continue to harry the Turks in frequent raids round Medina.
Persia: Up to 2,000 Turks with 2 guns (11th Caucasian Division) advance along Tabriz road vs 660 British and irregulars, occupy Turkmanchai (September 7) and Mianeh (September 9), patrols reach Zenjan after British Kullan Kuh mountain position outflanked on September 12, but by September 21 recalled to Constantinople.
Siberia: Khabarovsk taken by Japanese forces (see 18th, and August 11th).

Naval and Overseas Operations
American troopship USS Mount Vernon is attacked by the German submarine U-82, killing 36 sailors, but the ship remains afloat: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...251503138983937

Political, etc
United Kingdom: Arrest in London of M. Litvinov and other Bolsheviks, in a tit-for-tat guarantee for the safety of British subjects in Russia.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Flanders: German evacuation of Lys salient complete. On the Amiens-St. Quentin road British press forward.
Germans in full retreat from the Somme.
Ham and Chauny re-taken by French.
In north English troops advance north-west of Armentieres and re-take Bailleul.
Americans reach south bank of Aisne river.
At OHL Conference Hindenburg stresses gravity of situation; Boehn recommends 45-mile retirement to Antwerp-Meuse position, instead decision taken to halt (if necessary) on Hermann-Hunding-Brunhild position, 20 miles back.
BEF field guns and 6-inch howitzers have fired 8,382,200 rounds since August 8.
Parked 6-inch 26-cwt howitzers of the Royal Garrison Artillery: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...itzer.jpg?ssl=1
Journalists from the British Dominions tour the ruins of Arras Cathedral: © IWM (Q 11291): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...373584535154691
A journalist with some of the messenger dogs of the British Army at Etaples: © IWM (Q 11312): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...630256709025793

Eastern Front
Volga: Stalin reports Cossack retreat over Don from Tsaritsyn.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Mozambique: In East Africa von Lettow's forces are overtaken on Upper Lurio river near Anguros and attacked by two British columns from south and south-east. Germans retreat west after severe losses in killed and captured (90 casualties plus 30 porters). British force suffers 132 KAR casualties (53 PoWs).

Political, etc
Russia: Colonel Jukums Vācietis (western spelling Vatsetis) made first Main C-in-C of Red Army, Colonel S S Kamenev takes over East Front.
New Zealand: Elizabeth Yates, former mayor of Onehunga, New Zealand and the first female mayor anywhere in the British Empire, passed away: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...600068105396224
United States: The 1918 World Series begins. Boston Red Sox defeat the Chicago Cubs 1-0 in game 1, with Red Sox's Babe Ruth pitching the shutout.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Rapid British and French pursuit of Germans, who retreat towards the Siegfriedstellung "Hindenburg Line".
Flanders: Skirmishing in Armentieres-Lens sector.
Somme: BEF Fourth Army retakes Roisel rail junction (Cambrai-St Quentin line), and greater part of Havrincourt Wood. French capture Pithon, Dury and Ollezy, east of Ham, cross Crozat canal at Pont de Tugny and St. Simon after heavy fighting.
Lys sector Germans display strong resistance, for a pause in the Allied advance.
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...972506999701504
The point where British troops breached the defensive German “Hindenburg Line” at Quéant, France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...002705967591425
Western Front, Air: Germany: No 104 Squadron loses 5 D.H.9s in Ludwigshafen raid.
British cavalry pass by a captured German artillery gun in the Arras and Cambrai area: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...675565380251649
French President Poincare, General Pétain, and U.S. General Pershing reviewing American troops: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...705774229798913
American soldiers gather in front of the statue of Marquis de Lafayette in New York City to honor his birthday: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...735994034991106

Political, etc
Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm II conversing with Pavlo Skoropadskyi, the leader of German-backed Ukraine, (background of picture) at Wilhelmshöhe castle in Kassel, Germany: © IWM (Q 23891): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...660462471675904
Russia: First instalment of Russian War Indemnity to Germany, consisting of £12,500,000 in gold and bank notes is sent from Moscow to the frontier.
The arrival of Russian gold as reparations: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...erlin.jpg?ssl=1
Lenin cables Trotsky ‘Recovery proceeding excellently’.
United Kingdom: Publication by Admiralty of names of commanders of 151 U-boats disposed of by Navy.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Hunh, weird, I wonder why yesterday's post didn't show properly. Ah, well, I still have it, so I'll try again.
Western Front
Germans show increased resistance.
Violent fighting north and east of St. Simon.
Avesnes lost and re-taken by French, who also take Artemps, Happencourt, Fluquieres, Vaux and gain ground both sides of Oise river.
Meuse: Ludendorff orders St Mihiel salient evacuation.
Aisne: US III Corps transferred from the Vesle (crossed September 4) to Souilly.
Over 19,000 prisoners taken by British in past week. Over 150,000 PoWs, 2,000 guns and 13,000 MGs. taken by Allies since 18 July.
German PoW in an Allied camp: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...Lager.jpg?ssl=1
France: Foch visits King Albert and Haig (who tells Churchill ‘the Allies should aim at getting a decision as soon as possible’), decides to add Flanders offensive.
Germany: OHL orders signals concerning tanks be given priority. German writer and poet Lieutenant Bernhard von der Marwitz (relative of army commander) dies of wounds aged 28 at Valenciennes Lazarett.
Western Front, Air: German soldier next to a downed British Handley Page O/400 bomber: © IWM (Q 23916): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...032902762770432
Australian Army band rehearses in the ruins of a farmyard at Cappy, France: © IWM (E(AUS) 3325): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...063111314526209
British troops on trucks and horseback travel through the ruins of Écoust-St. Mein: © IWM (Q 7294): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...093319107235843
British cavalry passing through the ruins of Notre-Dame de Brebières in Albert, France: © IWM (Q 11314): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...365090364436480
French children holding gas masks at Marbache: © IWM (Q 60964): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...381585555513347
Australian troops unloading 18-pounder artillery shells: © IWM (E(AUS) 3323): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...411895588495361
German A7V tank captured by New Zealand troops: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...442081482670080

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Turkish ration strength 103,500 soldiers.
Siberia: Junction of the Czechoslovaks at Olovyanna in Siberia with other Czech forces from the east.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Mozambique: Captain Koehl’s rearguard skirmishes with Shortcol at Milweberg.

Political, etc
Russia: Representatives of neutral countries make strong protest against the wholesale arrests and executions carried out in Russia. Soviet-Allied agreement on diplomat exchange.
White “state” conference of 170 delegates at Ufa in Western Urals (until September23), welcomes Allied Vladivostok landings on September 12.
United Kingdom: A woman welder at an aircraft factory in Midlands: © IWM (Q 28182): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...334890796875776

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

So, today's post, let's see if it works:
Western Front
After sharp fighting British gain high ground between Havrincourt and Gouzeaucourt, overlooking the Siegfriedstellung (Hindenburg Line).
French push well across Crozat Canal towards St. Quentin and La Fere; main progress made east of St. Simon; they capture Grand Seraucourt, Montescourt, Remigny and Liez Fort.
Two strong counter-attacks at Laffaux (between Soissons and Laon) repulsed.
German infantry attack in the West: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...e-inf.jpg?ssl=1
No man’s land between American and German lines at Bois des Éparges: © IWM (Q 49848): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...743942978838528
American soldiers in France cheer as their mail arrives: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...774231239196672

Southern Front
Greek new advanced line heavily bombed in Struma Valley.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: U-92 sunk on Northern Barrage.
Black Sea: Anti-Bolshevik troops on a transport ship off the coast of Ukraine: © IWM (Q 55039): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...683489749671936

Political, etc
Germany: Lieutenant-Colonel Wilhelm Wetzell, strategic adviser at OHL, superseded owing to rows with Ludendorff.
Russia: British report complete anarchy reported in Petrograd; Bolsheviks massacre the "bourgeoisie". Threat to execute British officials.
Register formed for British subjects’ claims in Russia (some not compensated till 1987).
Churchill writes to Prime Minister on 1919 manpower problems, urges 100,000 men for Tank Corps (55,000 agreed).
Ukraine: General Pavlo Skoropadskyi, the leader of German-backed Ukraine, with German Field Marshal von Hindenburg and General Ludendorff at the German General Headquarters: © IWM (Q 45363): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...713710938914817
Turkey: Constantinople papers state 98 firms worth 16.6 million Turkish Pounds (what is actually meant here is the Ottoman Lira) formed during war.
United States: French Foreign Legion soldiers march in New York City to help raise money for the Fourth Liberty Loan: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...804432589336577

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Local fighting in Epehy and Gouzeaucourt sectors.
British patrols make progress north-east of Neuve Chapelle.
East of Crozat Canal between St. Quentin and La Fere, French make further progress; they occupy Hinancourt and Travecy.
Special Order of the Day issued: makes a claim that 75,000 prisoners and 750 guns taken by British in four weeks.
Members of Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps growing vegetables in their camp at Rouen, France: © IWM (Q 9303): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...058408165580800
German prisoners being escorted by French cavalry near Roye: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...088609482235904
A wooden dummy tank (modeled after a British tank) built by the Germans at Pontfaverger: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...118810475847680

Eastern Front
Fight for Kazan on the Volga; Soviet success. Czechs and Komuch People’s Army retreat to avoid trap.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: Coastal submarine UB-83 sunk in Pentland Firth by destroyer*HMS Ophelia‘s depth charges.

Political, etc
Germany: Kaiser addresses 1500 Krupp workers on only visit to Essen Gusstahlfabrik and gets no response.
The Kaiser visits the Krupp works to keep the workers on their toes. Fearing unrest, several divisions are stationed around Berlin: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...Krupp.jpg?ssl=1

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Cambrai: German counter-attacks at Gouzeaucourt and Moeuvres. British retake 3 villages (Vermand, Attilly and Vendelles ) to south.
British rush and hold the "Railway Triangle" position, south-west of La Bassee.
Ypres: Belgians gain ground north of Ypres.
Meuse: Lieutenant-Colonel Patton instructs 34th Brigade (US) Tank Corps in St Mihiel Sector: ‘American tanks do not surrender … as long as one tank is able to go forward. Its presence will save the lives of hundreds of infantry and kill many Germans …’
France: Belgian King Albert meets Foch at Bombon and agrees to lead Allied Flanders offensive.
A German soldier throws a stick grenade: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rante.jpg?ssl=1
Scottish Red Cross ambulances and drivers at Rouen, France: © IWM (Q 9300): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...149009460514818
Wounded American soldiers receive training in occupation work such as weaving and modeling: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...179229278232576
A camouflaged American machine gun post: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...420805002739712

Eastern Front
Ukhtinskaya, Murman front captured by Allied forces. 200 Royal Scots and 2 guns from Archangel repel a 500-strong Red night attack and occupy Priluki on river Dvina (until September 12), occupy five more villages astride river up to 25 miles southeast (September 14-17).
Arrival of American troops at Archangel announced.
Trans-Caspia: 136 British with 2 guns (arrived September 4) aid repulse of Reds from Kaakha (and on September 18).

Naval and Overseas Operations
Mozambique: 324 KAR defeat 2000 Masai (revolt vs recruiting) 20 miles west of Narok; talks restore quiet till February 1919.

Political, etc
Germany: Paul von Hintze instructs appeal to Holland for mediation.
United Kingdom: Lieut.-General Sir G.M.W. Macdonogh appointed Adjutant-General, Home Forces, Great Britain (see August 30th).
Lloyd George cable thanks Czech legions for service to Allies.
United States: Government declines Cuban troop offer due to shipping shortage.
Finland: Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse (brother-in-law of the Kaiser), announced as candidate for Kingdom of Finland.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Battle of St. Mihiel begins. First large-scale Allied offensive carried out separately by American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front (see 16th September). After 4-hour barrage from 0100 hours by 3,010 guns, 216,000 men of (10 divisions) US First Army (John Pershing), supported by 48,000 French (4 divisions) advance in heavy rain 5 miles on 12-mile front vs Georg Fuchs’ 75,000-strong Detachment C (already withdrawing its 13 divisions); they advance five miles on a twelve-mile front and claim 8,000 PoWs. AEF fires 100,000 round (200t) phosgene; 9000 gassed (50 deaths). Patton and MacArthur meet under fire, former outwalks his tanks (70 of 174 reach startline).
The terms “D-day” and “H-hour” are used for the first time. View of the town: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...769346652954624
Allied soldiers and tanks advance towards St. Mihiel, while wounded soldiers and German prisoners make their way back: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...799542898671617
The so-called Battles of the Hindenburg Line (see October 9th) begin as the series of Allied offensives starting with the Battle of Havrincourt. British success in Cambrai sector, won on 5-mile front by 6 divisions of Julian Byng’s Third Army; Moeuvres, Havrincourt and Trescault taken; over 1,000 prisoners.
Western Front, Air: Heavy rain and high wind impedes air work.
Greatest Allied air concentration of war support St Mihiel operation with US units; 25 French escadrilles; le Division Aerienne (600 aircraft) and 9 squadrons of Independent Force (c.100 bombers); single Italian, Brazilian, Portuguese, Belgian squadrons. Total 1,483 planes under US Brigade-General Mitchell, bombers and recon planes spearhead Pershing’s advance while fighters maintain local air supremacy (‘barrier’ technique, as pioneered at Verdun). US 3rd Pursuit Group specializes in truck-busting. Rickenbacker shoots down JG2 Fokker (6th kill), but JG2 claims 81 victories for 2 losses (September 12-18).
French residents greet Canadian soldiers in the village of Saudemont: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...451004482269184
Civilians leaving Cambrai, France as the fighting again nears the town: © IWM (Q 55406):
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...482464471801856
Streets of Thiaucourt, France burn after the Germans were driven out of the town: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...829747071627264
Wounded German soldiers receiving treatment by American soldiers: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...859968336453632

Eastern Front
Mikhail Tukachevksi’s Red First Army retakes Simbirsk, Vladimir Lenin cables Leon Trotsky with thanks.

Southern Front
Artillery activity on whole Struma front.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Atlantic: The Union-Castle liner Galway Castle is torpedoed by U-82; 154 lives lost when the ship sinks three days later.
Mediterranean: Armed boarding steamer Samia sunk by U-boat.

Political, etc
United Kingdom: Blue Book (Cd. 9146) and (Cd. 8371) , a propagandistic tract issued, describing German rule in south-west Africa and ill-treatment of the natives.
United States: The Boston Red Sox wins the 1918 World Series, defeating the Chicago Cubs 4 games to 2 (the Red Sox does not win the World Series for another 86 years): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...603257692352514
13 million additional Americans are required to register for the draft today, as the U.S. government expands military registration to all men age 18 to 45.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Battle of St. Mihiel: Complete success of Americans in St. Mihiel salient, they make over 13,000 prisoners and 200 guns. Americans close salient at Vigneulles by 0600 hours as US 26th and 1 st Divisions meet (200,000 Americans in reserve). Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) first used in action by US 79th Division.
The so-called Battles of the Hindenburg Line: Battle of Havrincourt: British and French nearing St. Quentin: they take Holnon Wood and Savy respectively.
Western Front, Air: Handley Page bombers of No 207 Squadron attack Le Cateau station with 79 bombs (night September 13-14). RAF night raids on 3 German Paris bombing bases (night September 15-16).
France: Marshal Ferdinand Foch memo to Premier Georges Clemenceau on ‘The bombardment of the Interior of Germany’ by an ‘inter-allied bombing force’.
US gunners aim captured German guns against their former owners at St.Mihiel: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...e-art.jpg?ssl=1
American and French soldiers on patrol shaking hands during the operation to capture St. Mihiel: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...920361675128832

Southern Front
Wounded Italian soldier exercising on a stationary bike: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...141795362066432

Political, etc
United Kingdom: British Railway strike begins in South Wales.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.