Western Front
Germany: ERICH von FALKENHAYN (German CoS) DISMISSED BY KAISER, REPLACED BY FM PAUL von HINDENBURG WITH GENERAL ERICH LUDENDORFF (1st QMG) AS HIS ASSISTANT.
Battle of the Somme: Since July 1, British have taken 15,469 PoWs, 86 guns and 160 MGs.
French soldier using a rifle with a periscopic attachment at Pont-Arcy: http://imgur.com/6cnxmAz © IWM (Q 45927)
Ruins of the French village of Tracy-le-Val: http://imgur.com/8NpSQ5S © IWM (Q 78219)

Eastern Front
Germany: PAUL von HINDENBURG CHIEF OF STAFF, ERICH LUDENDORFF FIRST QMG (GHQ at Pless until February 1917).
Transylvania: Rumanians occupy evacuated Kronstadt, Petrosani, Brasov, and Kezdiasarhely (see 28th, and October 7th).
On the borders of Bukovina, Romanian and Russian troops join forces to strike at Austria-Hungary.
Russians capture Mount Pantyr (north-west of Jablonica Pass, Carpathians).

Naval and Overseas Operations
East Africa: Iringa taken by British forces (760 Germans evacuate on August 27) in Southern Highlands, 250 miles marched since May 25. Hannyngton’s 2nd East African Brigade (1st Division) crosses river Msumbisi in heavy rain.

Political, etc.
France: President Poincare of France congratulates Romania and Italy for declaring war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Turkey: Sipahsalar A'zam, Persian Prime Minister, resigns, and is succeeded by Vossuq ed Douleh, who also acts as Foreign Minister (see March 6th, 1916, and May 29th, 1917).
United States: Army and Navy Appropriation Acts authorize $580 million spending and create Council of National Defense. Marine Corps Reserve created and USMC increased to 15,578 men.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
British No 24 Squadron encounters first time 3 Albatros D-I Destroyer-Scouts (Jasta 1). http://i0.wp.com/world-war-one.net/...Albatros-D1.jpg
France: Colonel Estienne promoted Brigade-General and commander of French Assault Artillery (tanks).
Battle of the Somme: Bavarians surrender south of Martinpuich.

Eastern Front
Turkey declares war on Romania.

Southern Front
Tepelini (Albania) occupied by Italians.
Allied air raid on Buk bridges northeast of Drama.

Naval and Overseas Operations
East Africa: Germans retire from Morogoro over Ruwu river. British 1st Division pursues across (August 31 – September 1).

Political, etc.
Romania: Romania severs diplomatic relations with Bulgaria
United States: U.S. Congress enacts the “Jones Law,” which creates a fully-elected legislature in the Philippines, a U.S. colony:
USS Tennessee is wrecked in Santo Domingo harbour due to heavy storms, resulting in 43 dead or missing: http://imgur.com/s1mEfld
Greece: A coup is launched by Greek officers in Thessaloniki who want to fight the Central Powers. Venizelist revolt in Salonika (see September 25th and October 9th); seize Salonika barracks and proclaim provisional republic.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Battle of the Somme: 4 German counter-attacks fail at Delville Wood; British XV Corps suffers heavy casualties. Fierce German counter-attacks between Ginchy and High Wood. By this time BEF has consulting psychiatrist and neurologist for ‘shell shock’ cases.
German aircraft losses in combat since July 1 are 51. Royal Flying Corps on Western Front destroyed and missing are 66.
Artois/Flanders: British gas attacks at Arras and Armentieres.
Battle of Verdun: French defensive Battle of Verdun ends [This is the French date. The German list carries the battle up to September 9th.]
French 305 mm railway gun firing near Lihons: http://imgur.com/kGEVvz9 © IWM (Q 78885)
A captured German Rumpler C-IV biplane at Ricquebourg aerodrome, France: http://imgur.com/ziUYcwc © IWM (Q 55598)

Eastern Front
Austro-Hungarian losses since 4 June 614,000, German 150,000 including 15,000 today.
Transylvania: Romania allows Russian troops to pass through the Dobruja region as they prepare to push further into Transylvania.
Fighting at Halicz and east of Lemberg; many prisoners taken in Lutsk area by Russians.

Southern Front
Buk (north-east Drama, Macedonia) air raid on bridges.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Allied shipping losses 205,000t (British 23 ships worth 43,354t with 8 lives lost). Total including 77 ships (129,368t) to U-boats in Mediterranean. 2 U-boats lost.
At Pless Hindenburg and Ludendorff press for unrestricted U-boat war without delay, Bethmann-Hollweg’s opposition now confined to timing and fear of breach with Scandinavia. Fronts must be stabilized lest Holland or Denmark declare war while Germany has no reserves.
East Africa: Smuts’ advance split by Uluguru Mountains; 600 South African mounted troops go round west side, 1,900 British march on Dar-es-Salaam.
Western Desert: British armoured cars capture Senussi convoy northwest of Jaghbub
West Africa: Slavery formally abolished in Nigeria.

Political, etc.
Germany: Hindenburg letter to War Minister demands doubled munitions, trebled artillery and machine-gun production by May 1917.
Germany moves Russian Navy prisoners to “reprisal camps” in retaliation for the harsh treatment of German Navy prisoners in Siberia.
Canada: Canadian casualties to date (published 22 September 1916): 8,644 killed (or died), 27,212 wounded, 2,005 missing.
Romania: Romania bans the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages across the country.
United States: U.S. War Department pulls back 15,000 National Guardsmen from the U.S.-Mexican border.
Ford Motor Company announces they made a record $1 million per week during the past year due to rising demand.
U.S. railway companies recruit 2000 strikebreakers in case the railroad general strike goes ahead.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Battle of the Somme: 4 German counterattacks fail at High Wood (and on September 3, 8 and 15) but they recapture East side of Delville Wood.

Eastern Front
Bulgaria declares war on Romania.
Turkish VI Corps placed under Mackensen.
Transylvania: Romanians capture Hermannstadt. Sibiu also taken by Rumanian forces (see 26th).
Fresh successful Russian advance in Volhynia.
Galicia: Russian General Shcherbachev takes 19,000 PoWs on river Zlota Lipa (until September 4).

Southern Front
Bulgars in possession of 17 Greek forts.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Armenia: Turk IV Corps attacks south of Kigi but Russian reinforcements stabilize front by September 10. French Arab Mission reaches Alexandria.
Mesopotamia: Chormuk, N. Euphrates, captured by Russians.
25 bombs dropped on Port Said.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Channel, North Sea: Flanders UB-type boats sink over 30 ships in a week without encountering one warship (570 ASW vessels available); 1,949 British merchantmen now armed with guns.
Black Sea: New Russian dreadnought battleship Imperatritsa Maria fires at and pursues Goeben (rescues Turk seaplane) to within 60 miles of Bosphorus.
Aegean: 23 Allied warships and 4 transports (from Salonika) anchor 4 miles off Piraeus near Greek Fleet at Salamis, in a “demonstration” of Allied fleet.

Political, etc.
United Kingdom: Russian and British Governments conclude "Sykes-Picot" agreement as to eventual partition of Asia Minor (see April 26th, and May 9th and 23rd).
Retail Food Price 65% (up 5%). Munition factories total 4,212 (with 435 canteens for 640,000 workers). Civilian war prisoners to be supplied to private firms. In September War Propaganda Bureau starts monthly War Pictorial magazine (circ 750,000 by November 1917).
Russia: In September Anglo-Russian Bureau (propaganda) opens in Petrograd.
United States: In New York, value of German Mark at 30% discount.
New Zealand: Compulsory Military Service Bill comes into operation (see June 10th).
Greece: Allied fleet seizes 13 interned Austro-German ships.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Combined raid on London by 12 Navy and 4 Army dirigibles (“Zeppelins”) thwarted by adverse weather, navigational and technical problems; (another report: The raid was a failure. The raiders were scattered by adverse winds, heavy rain and high-altitude icing, and only one airship came within seven miles of Charing Cross.) c. 16t bombs scattered across 11 counties and North London suburbs (only 16 casualties) (again, another source is more specific: 4 Britons were killed and a further 12 injured. ). At 0223 hours Second Lieutenant Leefe Robinson (awarded VC, first in Britain) in BE2 of No 39 Squadron Royal Flying Corps destroys SL 11 (Schramm) at Cuffley, Herts (all 16 crew killed).
17 RNAS aircraft drop 82 bombs on Ghistelles airfield southeast of Ostend (repeated September 9 and 23), St Denis Westrem attacked by 18 aircraft (September 7), as well as Zeppelin sheds near Brussels (September 27).
Hoboken, near Antwerp, British drop bombs on shipbuilding yards.
 Rawlinson inspects British Tank Mk I force and is dissatisfied with readiness.

Eastern Front
Transylvania: Romania troops capture the city of Orsova, pushing Austro-Hungarian forces across the Cerna River.
Bulgarian 3rd Army attacks the Romanian fortress of Tutrakan/Turtucaia, defended by the Romanian 3rd Army.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Egypt: Commanding general and McMahon confer on Arab Revolt at Ismailia.
Arabia: Turkish Berne Legation press release denigrates Sherif’s revolt, most Arabs fighting for Sultan.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Aegean: Greek arsenal seized at Athens; three more German vessels seized at Piraeus by Allies,

Political, etc.
Austria-Hungary: Vienna introduces the “third meatless day” to conserve food, but mutton can still be eaten.
Canada: The city of Berlin, Ontario officially changes its name to Kitchener, after the late Lord Kitchener, due to anti-German sentiment.
United States: The U.S. House, by a vote 239 to 56, approves a bill mandating an 8-hour workday to prevent a possible railroad strike. (Possibly actually yesterday). U.S. Senate approves a bill mandating an 8-hour workday for interstate railroad workers by a vote 43 to 28.
Greece: Allies demand control of posts and telegraphs.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Battle of the Somme: Fourth major joint Allied push to aid Rumania. At 1200 hours French Sixth Army attacks north of Somme, captures most of Ciery and German defences along road north to Le Forest and Le Forest village, but at junction with BEF (on extreme left) little help possible and Germans launch strong counter-attacks (September 4).
Battle of Guillemont sub-phase of the Battle of the Somme begins (until September 6): large-scale British attack, 20th Division captures Guillemont and part of Mouquet Farm.
Battle of Pozieres sub-phase of the Battle of the Somme Ridge ends. Continuous fighting near Falfemont Farm. British attacks on Schwaben Redoubt and High Wood fail.
Battle of Verdun: German attack fails on Vaux-Chapitre defences. French gradual if costly advances (until September 13).
Ypres: I Canadian Corps hands sector to I Anzac Corps and is switched to Somme.
British naval air squadron effectively attacks Ghistelles (five miles south-east Ostend).
The “Zeppelin” SL 11 in flames in the night sky. All crewmembers were killed: http://imgur.com/39JreZM
Margaret Lloyd George inspecting the ruins of “Zeppelin” SL 11: http://imgur.com/neGsJva © IWM (Q 73559)

“Zeppelin” is in quotes, because the British consistently referred to all German dirigibles as “Zeppelins”. In reality, the initials S-L stand for Schüte-Lanz, the manufacturer of the dirigible in question. As a further note, it seems that members of any particular nation are systematically incapable of correctly identifying another nations’s military equipment-witness the Germans constantly mis-identifying the Royal Aircraft Factory F. E. 2 as a “Vickers” (similar configuration, but the Vickers was an early pusher type that had long since been withdrawn from front-line service).


Eastern Front
Brusilov Offensive, Carpathians: Lechitski success near Dorna Watra, takes 4,500 PoWs southeast of Halicz (September 5). Russians close to Zlota Lipa capture position near Brzezany, taking many prisoners. Near Orsova on Danube, Austro-Hungarians withdraw to west bank of Cherna.
Dobruja: Mackensen’s tri-national Danube Army invades Rumania.
Constanza (Romania) bombed.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Germany: Unrestricted U-boat warfare to be postponed until peace initiative (Pless council, Chancellor, Admiral Holtzendorff, Hindenburg and Ludendorff present).
East Africa: Dar-es-Salaam, capital of German East Africa, surrenders to British Naval Forces.

Political, etc.
United States: President Wilson signs the Adamson Act, which mandates an eight-hour day and extra pay for overtime work for interstate railroad workers.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

On an more individual level: How an Olympic hammer thrower chosen to hurl grenades at the Germans died on first day of the Somme.

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Eudaimonia

Western Front
Battle of the Somme: French troops advance on a 12-mile front, capturing three villages (Barleux to south of Chaulnes, village of Chilly), and claiming 6000 German prisoners.

Eastern Front
Brusilov Offensive, Carpathians: Russian troops break through the Zolota Lypa line and claim the capture of 19,405 Austro-Hungarians and Germans in 4 days.
Unsuccessful German gas attacks near Baronovichi (C.).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Mesopotamia: South-west of Lake Nimrud, west of Lake Van, British armoured cars engage Kurdish forces.
Armenia: South of River Elen, west of Trebizond, Russian offensive continues; over 500 prisoners.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Dutch East Indies: Rebellion in Sumatra against Dutch colonial control grows, rebel forces take control of four towns on the island.

Political, etc.
Germany: Prince Leopold of Bavaria says the Romanians “will get their whacks, you may be sure, and if others come in they will get their whacks too.”
Greece: Due to military pressure, Greece allows the Allied forces to take control of the country’s postal, telegraph, and wireless systems.
Athens reports that King Constantine will reconsider the attitude of Greece.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Excellent supplementary information, jseal. Thank you.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Leefe Robinson, the first British pilot to destroy a Zeppelin over Britain, is awarded the Victoria Cross: http://imgur.com/iDCHdnv

Captain William Leefe Robinson, V.C. - Awarded the Victoria Cross

On Monday Major General W. Shaw memoed Lieutenant General Henderson Commander of the Royal Flying Corps, on Lord French's behalf.
"The Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief has seen the attached reports, and will be glad to know if you have any recommendation to make with regard to any reward which you may consider the Officer concerned may be deserving of. He will be glad of an early reply."

Lieutenant General Henderson's reply was immediate.
"I recommend Lieut W. L. Robinson for the Victoria Cross for the most conspicuous gallantry displayed in this successful attack."

On the 5th September 1916, the London Gazette announced the award;
"War Office 5th September 1916. His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to award the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned officer, Lieutenant William Leefe Robinson, Worcestershire Regiment and Royal Flying Corps. For most conspicuous bravery. He attacked an enemy airship under circumstances of great difficulty and danger, and sent it crashing to the ground as a flaming wreck. He had been in the air for more than two hours and had previously attacked another airship during his flight."

The evening papers on Tuesday carried the headline "The Zepp. V.C. for Airman," and the celebrations, which had hardly died away, began again. Now the hero of Cuffley was to receive the highest award for gallantry there was no restraining the tide of adulation, the picture postcards, the reams of bad prose and terrible poetry, the matchbox covers, the medals, and still the letters and telegrams. Robinson was a modest man, not at all an extrovert. He was also good looking. The British public had the perfect 'gentleman' hero.
Battle of the Somme: The battle rages across a 30-mile front. French troops make further gains, taking Omiécourt. The Allies hold most of Leuze Wood, and occupy the whole of Germany's former second line on the Somme.

Eastern Front
Seven miles south-east of Halicz the Russians claim success; ‘many’ prisoners taken.
Russian and Bulgarian troops clash for the first time during a cavalry engagement in the Romanian province of the Dobruja.

Southern Front
Austro-Hungarian aeroplanes bomb Venice, Lucinico, Sdraussina, and Gorizia today.
Bucharest bombed by Bulgars.
In the Dolomites operations now developing, the whole of Val Cismone “free”.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
British bomb Turkish aerodrome at El Arish (90 miles east of Port Said).

Political, etc.
Germany, Austria-Hungary: Polish autonomy granted by Central Powers.
United Kingdom: Mr. Balfour at Glasgow appeals to local trade unions re: shipyard labour.
Trade Union Congress at Birmingham rejects invitation of U.S.A. Federation of Labor, re: "Terms of Peace".
France: During the two years of war, the French government has spent $12.2 billion (about $270 billion today) on its budget.
United States: D.W. Griffith’s “Intolerance,” considered a masterpiece of the silent era of film, is released: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe..._%281916%29.ogv

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
British news-film “The Topical Budget,” showing footage of the downed dirigible, among other news: http://film.iwmcollections.org.uk/record/index/5390
Battle of the Somme: Battle of Guillemont phase of the Battle of the Somme ends (see 3rd).
British gain Leuze Wood.
South-west of Barleux and south of Belloy, Generals von Stein and Kirchbach make ten attempts against the French, all counter-attacks beaten by "75's" and "105" guns.

Eastern Front
Tutrakan (Dobrudja) taken by Bulgarian forces (see 2nd).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Sinai: At Mazar, British airmen raid camps, supply depots and camel lines, good results.

Naval and Overseas Operations
East Africa: British checked north of Kissaki (Uluguru Mountains).


Political, etc.
United Kingdom: Trades Union Congress insists on restoration of Trade Union customs and practices after the war.
Simla, India: Viceroy's important speech, re: supply of labour to Colonies, and record of India's great services during the War.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Almost hard to believe that virtually every day during that long war there were so many battles fought in so many places and how "human intensive" those battles were. Lord, have mercy on mankind as we flounder our way through life.

Western Front
Footage of the funeral for the crew of the SL 11, a German zeppelin shot down over Britain: http://film.iwmcollections.org.uk/record/index/45623


Eastern Front
Halicz (on the Dniester) on fire, and taken by Russians. Turk XV Corps loses 1,500 casualties (until September 8) but stands firm after 10-mile retreat.
Orsova (Austrian bank of Danube) occupied by Romanians.
In connection with yesterday’s capture of Tutrakan bythe Bulgars; they claim 20,000 prisoners and 100 guns.
Bulgarian troops win the Battle of Dobrich, pushing back Romanian and Russian troops from Southern Dobruja.


Naval and Overseas Operations
East Africa: British pursuit of retreating German force in East Africa checked at Affair of Kisaki: (until September 8): c.2,600 Germans with 22 MGs beat 1,700 South Africans troops, forcing retreat and halt.
Kilwa (Kivinje), 135 miles south of Dar-es-Salaam, and Kilwa Kissiwani, still further south, surrender to British naval forces.

Political, etc.
Turkey: Baghdad railway, over Taurus Mountains being constructed by Turkish peasants, large bodies of Turkish troops moving to Aleppo, for Mesopotamia.
United States: US Shipping Board created to form Government-owned merchant fleet. Congress authorizes Wilson to retaliate against Britain, signs legislation (September 8). Emergency Revenue Act doubles normal income tax (September 8).
Around 2,500 railway and subway workers in New York City go on strike, crippling transportation in the city.
Piggly Wiggly, the first self-service grocery store in the U.S., is founded in Memphis, Tennessee.
Greece: Baron von Schenck and other Germans and Austrians expelled from Athens.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Really make you understand what "World" War means. Yet another reason the war was so influential: it was the first, full-scale industrial war the world had ever experienced.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Hindenburg and Ludendorff, in first visit to Western Front, hold meeting at Cambrai to develop new tactical doctrine of defence in-depth; OHL publishes key lessons.
Dutch soldiers shoot at a German aeroplane that wandered over Dutch territory, forcing the pilot to land in the Netherlands.
British naval aeroplanes bomb aerodrome at St. Denis Westrem (5 miles west of Ghent).
Battle of the Somme: Glos Regiment suffers heavy casualties in attack near West end of High Wood. German counter-attacks on Mouquet Farm (until September 12).
From Vermandovillers to Chaulnes, Germans make four massed attacks; the French take 200 prisoners.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Dover Patrol monitors shell Flanders coast between Middlekerke and Westende (until September 15) as diversion for Somme offensive.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.