Keep up the good work. No loss of interest here. :thumbs:

10 June 1917
 

Western Front
French Army Mutinies: First 2 French mutineers executed, outbreaks already receding (June 7), only 20 executed until July 2. Petain speaks to an exmutinous regtiment (June 19) and brings tears to the soldiers’ eyes, visits almost 90 divisions in June and July. The French commander-in-chief sympathizes with a soldier’s complaint. Petain handled the mutinies with sternness and humanity, but he knew much was wrong with the army: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...diers.jpg?ssl=1
Battle of Messines Ridge: At the Messines Battle, night raids by British troops succeed in extending their lines. The front is relatively calm the rest of the day.
British soldiers taking a break smoking at the ruins of Marten’s Farm near Wytschaete: © IWM (Q 5479): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...495199380647936
A British officer in a captured German trench writing a letter home: © IWM (Q 2308): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...827266840719361

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian Offensive north of Asiago with 12 divisions; 1,500 guns and mortars on 9-mile front but signals and deserters have alerted Austrian Eleventh Army. Barrage (including gas shell) from 0515 hours in near zero visibility (mist) till 1100 hours. Alpini assault from 1100 hours captures Agnello Pass and Peak 2101 (6,794ft) of Mt Ortigaro with 500 PoWs but Austrians retain Height 2105 (6,906ft). Attacks by 5 other divisions on 5 other peaks to south fail. Italian Sixth Army C-in-C Mambretti fails to persuade Cadorna to call off offensive, he allows only 48-hour pause.
Captured Austro-Hungarian prisoners taken by the Italians: © IWM (Q 103663): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...525387044827137
Greece:French regiment and guns land at Corinth and French (mainly cavalry) division enters Thessaly, takes Larissa for 6 killed, captures 300 royalists in only bloodshed on June 12.
Italian troops take over Janina (Ioannina), Greece, drawing protests from Greek authorities.

Naval and Overseas Operations
East Africa: Opening of operations which drive Germans from estuary of Lukuledi river (German East Africa).

Political, etc
France: Interior Minister cables 83 prefects for morale reports, 44 say ‘poor’ or ‘indifferent’, 36 towns ‘contaminated’.
United Kingdom: Labour Trafalgar Square demo for world’s industrial workers.
Ireland: Sinn Fein riots in Dublin

11 June 1917
 

Western Front
French Army Mutinies: Suppression & executions continue; otherwise, no further developments.
Battle of Messines Ridge: British progress on mile front south-east of Messines; La Potterie system captured.
In light of the German air raids on Britain, a Cabinet Committee is set up to consider air organisation and air defence. Although nominally under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, in practice the Committee consisted solely of Lieutenant General Jan C. Smuts.
Royal Dublin Fusiliers and other troops having fun with captured German equipment: © IWM (Q 5629): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...857568636116992

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian Offensive north of Asiago: Austrians reinforce front line until June 13 and send 4 battalions forward for counter-attack on June 15.
Greece: French troops land at Corinth, and Franco-British force enters Thessaly.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Japanese destroyer Sakaki is torpedoed off Malta by Austro-Hungarian submarine U-27, resulting in 59 Japanese deaths.
Channel: British drifter destroys 2 German seaplanes.
Baltic: Russian submarine Lvitsa sunk off Gotland (probably by mine), sister Pantera damaged by Zeppelin on June 14 and forced back to base.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Murray told he will be replaced (leaves on June 16). British 52nd Division trench raid causes over 62 Turk casualties near Gaza.


Political, etc
Russia: Petrograd Soviet issues statement opposing “an imperialistic war in the name of liberation of nations.”
United Kingdom: Sailors and Firemen's Union refuse to let Mr. R. Macdonald and MP Fred Jowett from sailing to Petrograd due to their pacifist positions.
Canada: Canadian Premier Sir Robert Borden states Canada has suffered 99,000 casualties and thus conscription is necessary.
Portugal: Senor Dato forms Cabinet.
United States: Lord Northcliffe, owner of the Daily Mail and Daily Mirror, arrives in the U.S. to help coordinate British-U.S. cooperation.
Publication of message from President Wilson to Russian Government: no people to be ‘forced under a sovereignty under which it does not wish to live’.
Minor Allies: Santo Domingo severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
Greece: Entente Governments present demand to Greek Government for abdication of King Constantine (see 12th and May 28th). Subsequent abdication of King Constantine of Greece in favor of his second son, Alexander.
King Constantine I of Greece: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...934143314374656
Alexander, the new King of Greece: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...935415690096643

12 June 1917
 

Western Front
French Army Mutinies: Suppression & executions continue; otherwise, no further developments.
Battle of Messines Ridge: British advance on two-mile front east and north-east of Messines.
French Malagasy (Madagascar) soldier at Leuilly-sous-Coucy: © IWM (Q 78452): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...252532540821505

Eastern Front
Russian artillery guns renew heavy bombardment of German positions in Galicia and Volhynia.

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian Offensive north of Asiago: No further developments this day.
Salonika: British withdraw back across to river Struma (until June 14) to avoid summer malaria.
Greece: Allied forces occupy Larissa (Thessaly) and Corinth.

Naval and Overseas Operations
German submarine SM UC-66 is sunk by the HMT Sea King by a depth charge with loss of all crew.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Fort of Salif (Red Sea) destroyed by British naval forces.
Armenia: General Prjewalski replaces Yudenich as Russian C-in-C.

Political, etc
United Kingdom: Publication of British reply to Russian Note on war aims, and of French message regarding Russian proclamation of 9 April 1917.
Labour Leader Ramsay Macdonald give up plans to visit Russia due to popular opposition toward his pacifist views.

13 June 1917
 

Western Front
French Army Mutinies: Because of the mutinies, the French high command became reluctant to initiate another major offensive. General Petain's strategy in late 1917 was to wait for the deployment of the American Expeditionary Forces and the introduction in battle of the new and highly effective Renault FT tanks. Hence his statement at the time: "J'attends les chars et les américains" (I am waiting for the tanks and the Americans). He had the support of Prime Minister Clemenceau, who told President Woodrow Wilson in June 1917 that France planned, "to wait for the Americans & meanwhile not lose more... I like Pétain... just because he won't attack."
Battle of Messines Ridge: Britain claims 7,432 German prisoners and 47 artillery guns were captured in the past 6 days in Flanders.
The first heavy daylight raid on London takes place when eighteen Gotha bombers of the German Army Air Corps attack the capital, causing 588 casualties, including 162 deaths (other sources vary these numbers slightly). Although a number of interceptions were made, no German aircraft were shot down by defending fighters. Gothas on return repel Bristol Fighter (observer mortally wounded), one of 94 defence sorties. Brandenburg awarded Pour le Merite but injured in crash (June 19) returning from Kreuznach. No 56 Fighter (SE5) Squadron temporarily withdrawn from France as a result (June 21 – July 5).
British soldiers on leave embarking for England at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France: © IWM (Q 80068): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...578382863949824

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian Offensive north of Asiago: Austro-Hungarian attack on Mt. Ortigara repulsed.
Thessaly: Trikala and Volo (Thessaly) occupied by Allies.

Naval and Overseas Operations
H.M.S. Avenger, merchant cruiser, sunk by submarine.

Political, etc
France: Major-General Pershing arrives in France (see 8th and May 10th): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...616140781289472
A crowd gathers to greet the arrival of Lieutenant General Pershing: © IWM (Q 5508): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...617394454331392
5,000 women workers strike with red flags in Toulouse ammunition factory (until June 18), win 30-50% pay rise. 32 die in Renault Paris factory collapse.
United Kingdom: Serious explosion in munitions factory at Ashton-under-Lyne, resulting in 43 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
United States: Waldemar von Nostiz, writer for a German newspaper in Cleveland, Ohio, is arrested by federal agents for writing pro-German editorials.

14 June 1917
 

Western Front
Battle of Messines Ridge: German withdrawal between St. Yves and the Lys. Successful British attacks near Messines. Third Australian Division attack Infantry Hill (east of Monchy-le-Preux) (lose ground on June 18, regain it on June 20). End of Battle of Messines.
Zeppelin L-43 destroyed by naval fighter forces in North Sea.
British soldiers in the ruins of Thélus, France watches as artillery shells burst in the background: © IWM (Q 2378): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...933220705521665

Southern Front
Greece: British detachment lands at Piraeus after c.9,500 French soldiers on June 12. 500 British soldiers reinforce French at Larissa on June 16 also to gain grain supplies.

Naval and Overseas Operations
The British Admiralty Formally approve, scheme for convoying merchant ships (see May 17th aud July 2nd).
The Germany Navy made extensive use of Zeppelins for scouting, but communications problems reduced their theoretical effectiveness: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...pelin.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Count M. Esterhazy becomes Hungarian Prime Minister.
Russia: Arrival in Petrograd of Senator Root and U.S. Mission.
Canada: The Canadian Parliament Building being rebuilt after last year’s fire: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...963441437593600
United States: U.S. government loans an additional $25 million to the British government, bringing the total loan amount to $500 million.
The U.S. celebrates its 140th Flag Day today: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...993652833144834
China: Troops loyal to Li Yuanhong, the pro-German President of China, occupies Peking after dissolving the Chinese parliament.
Greece: King Constantine leaves country on June 14.

15 June 1917
 

Western Front
A localized German counter-attack south-east of Ypres is repulsed.
Small British advance near Bullecourt.
British airplanes conduct a morning raid on the airdrome at St Denis Westrem near Bruges, Belgium.
The ruins of a church in Bapaume, France: © IWM (Q 78434): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...327098285686784

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian Offensive north of Asiago: Italians carry position on Corno Cavento (west Trentino) and repulse attack on Mt. Ortigara. Austria-Hungary loses ~1,000 PoWs
British withdraw on wide front from advanced positions in Struma Valley.
Rise of a patrol in the Alps: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...uille.jpg?ssl=1
Salonika: In these days Turkish 50th Division withdrawn from east of Struma home, to Aleppo. 1 Turkish regiment left in theater.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Atlantic: 35 Royal Navy destroyers and 15 submarines on special hunting operation (until June 24) north of Scotland sight U-boats 61 times, make 12 attacks, but inflict no damage.
Baltic: Rear-Admiral Dmitri N Verderevski made C-in-C by Kerensky. Maksimov becomes STAVKA (CNS) aged 44, but some crews press for elected commanders.

Political, etc
Germany: Hindenburg note to Bethmann blames inflation on ‘The monstrous increase of worker wages’.
France: French newsreel showing re-occupied Alsace and other items: http://film.iwmcollections.org.uk/record/index/47288
United Kingdom: Lord Rhondda's appointment as Food Controller announced.
Andrew Bonar Law announces all Irish prisoners taken during the Easter Rising will be released.
British public demands the government to provide better warning for airplane raids after the recent devastating attacks by the Germans.
United States: The Espionage Act of 1917 is signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. http://www.legisworks.org/congress/65/publaw-24.pdf Though claimed to have been enacted to prevent the support of United States enemies during wartime, it has been more often used to suppress dissent, and to harass and prevent the activities of whichever individuals or groups attracted the ire of the national government at the time it is fairly arbitrarily enforced. The Act includes fines up to $10,000 and up to 20 years jail; 2 anarchists almost immediately arrested for disrupting registration. Congress votes $ 3,281 million for Army and Navy See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917
U.S. completes issuing $1.9 billion worth of Liberty Bonds to finance the war effort.
Minor Allies: Haiti breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany.

16 June 1917
 

Western Front
Peter Strasser (new ‘Leader of German Navy Airships’) rashly attempts London raid on nearly shortest night of year with 4 Zeppelins (2 return early). L-42 (Dietrich) fortuitously detonates a Ramsgate naval ammo store, but L-48 (Schütze, Strasser’s deputy) hounded to death from c.13,000ft over Suffolk by 3 RFC aircraft after suffering double engine failure (night June 17-18, 3 survivors). L-42 and L-63 lie in their shed: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...2-L63.jpg?ssl=1
French artillery observers on top of a ruined church tower at Villers-les-Roye: © IWM (Q 61252): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...646693256986626
A French soldier in the trenches at Hirtzbach woods: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...676915474018307
French soldiers posing in a trench at Haut-Rhin: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...678115841888256

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian Offensive north of Asiago: Italians vainly attack Austrian Mt Ortigara positions all day, losses over 6,000 soldiers.
Greece: Allied food blockade of Greece raised on June 16.

Political, etc
Russia: Opening in Petrograd of All-Russian Congress of Workmen's and Soldiers' Delegates.
France: President of the International Federation of Catholic Alumnae blames “lack of modesty, of moderation” as the cause of the world war.
United States: Inventor Thomas Edison states “each of us should work a little harder than he has ever worked before” in order to win the war.
Sweden: Peace terms of German Socialist delegates to Stockholm published.

17 June 1917
 

Western Front
French Army Mutinies: Suppression & executions continue; otherwise, no further developments.
Portuguese troops in action on Western Front for the first time (see August 8th, 1916 and January 3rd, 1917). Portuguese officer with Captain of the British Mission in the trenches near Neuve Chapelle: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...Corps.jpg?ssl=1
Germans capture French trenches near Hurtebise.
The ruins of the German Zeppelin L-48 after it was brought down by British fighters over Leiston: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...011567028023297
Champagne: French Fourth Army advance between ‘Mountains’ Cornillet and Blond, repulse attack on Mt Le Teton on June 21. At Chemin des Dames, German troops capture French positions, taking 25 French prisoners and 4 machine guns.
First US serviceman buried, at Pauillac (sailor, drowned on June 12).

Southern Front
Italian Offensive north of Asiago: Austro-Hungarian attacks on Asiago Plateau (Trentino) and Vodice repulsed.
Minor Italian advance near Jamiano (Carso).

Political, etc
Germany: Germany moves prisoners of war at least 30 kilometers from the front lines to keep them away from artillery range.
Germany announces it will allow neutral ships stuck in British ports to safely leave on July 1st.
Russia: Russian Duma announces a resolution for an immediate offensive by Russian troops against the Germans.
Provisional Government declares Zemstvo self-government for Siberia and Far East.
France: Paris Economic Conference concludes agreements as to future economic policy.
Ireland: Crowds in Dublin waiting to welcome the released prisoners taken during the Easter Rising: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...085806762532864
Italy: General Giardino War Minister and Admiral Triangi Marine Minister after Albanian policy crisis ends.
United States: Charlie Chaplin film ‘The Immigrant’ released.

18 June 1917
 

Western Front
French Army Mutinies: Suppression & executions continue; otherwise, no further developments. By now, the last of the mutinies have petered out, there isnt’ much left but the repression and trials.
British lose ground on Infantry Hill.
French advance between Mont Cornillet and Mont Blond (Champagne).
French troops attack German lines at Draibank, but are repulsed. German soldiers penetrate French lines east of the Meuse near Hill 844.
British tanks lined up at Rollencourt Tank Park: © IWM (Q 3562): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...387788433829888
A tank crew in front of their tank at Rollencourt: © IWM (Q 3292): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...389044426600448
British soldiers having fun in the sea at Etaples, France: © IWM (Q 2381): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...417984079777793

Eastern Front
German air raid on Dvinsk.

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian guns begin 20-hour shelling of Mt Ortigara-Lepozze Austrian positions.
Italian artillerymen raising a 75mm M1911 field gun into position in the Alps: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...-alps.jpg?ssl=1

Naval and Overseas Operations
Admiral Sims, United States Navy, hoists his flag at Queenstown as acting Commander-in-Chief Irish Command (see April 9th and May 2nd).

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Count Clam-Martinitz, Austrian Premier, resigns (see 23rd and December 21st, 1916).
Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm on French War Minister’s statement that France will retake Alsace-Lorraine: “Good, but he must come and take it.”
Russia: The All-Russian Congress of Soviets reports its armies are in dire straits and newly drafted soldiers have poor morale and training.
United Kingdom: General Smuts to attend War Cabinet meetings.
United States: President Wilson sees Belgian Mission.
Switzerland: Herr Arthur Hoffmann, Swiss Foreign Minister, resigns over aiding German peace overtures to Russia incident. The anti-German Gustave Ador succeeds.

19 June 1917
 

Western Front
General Arthur Currie appointed to command Canadian troops in France.
Small British advances on Arras front.
Artillery duel between Allies & Germans increases in intensity in Flanders. France raids German lines at Braye-en-Laonnois & Laffaux Hill.

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian offensive on Asiago plateau. From 0600 hours Alpini (15 battalions) storm Mt Ortigara summit (6,906 ft) taking 1,000 PoWs (including Kaiserjaeger); some ground gained on Mt. Ortigara, but Austrians hold 6,729 ft peak and Mt Camigoletti although 9 battalions v 35; Austrians bring up 2 battalions and Conrad’s requests for more reserves finally answered.
An inspection of Austrian troops in the Alpine region, with most of the officers and soldiers wearing ‘Bernsdorfer’ steel helmets and rucksacks: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...lpine.jpg?ssl=1

Naval and Overseas Operations
Mediterranean: French submarine Ariane is torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine SM UC-22 off Bizerte, Tunisia.
Black Sea: Vice-Admiral Kolchak, C-in-C Russian Black Sea Fleet, deposed by delegate assembly of sailors’ councils and replaced by Vice-Admiral Lukin. Russian Navy pay rise backdated to May 13.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Arabia: Lawrence and 500 Arabs begin march on Aqaba but then execute 100-strong northern sabotage diversion against Amman-Deraa railway before June 27.

Political, etc
Russia: Russian government announces it has been moving state documents from Petrograd (St. Petersburg) to Moscow due to Central Powers advances.
France: French Deputies votes 369 to 95 in confidence of the current government’s general policies.
France orders 20,000 beds to be made to help house people from recently liberated areas.
United Kingdom: King abolishes Royal Family’s German titles, British peerages conferred by the King on Teck and Battenberg families.
United States: U.S. loans to the Allies now total $2,756,400,000 after loaning $25 million to Britain and $20 million to France today.

20 June 1917
 

Western Front
British recover ground on Infantry Hill.
Violent German attack near Vauxaillon (Chemin des Dames) gains ground.
Women workers constructing an airship at Chalais-Mendon, Camp Retranche de Paris: © IWM (Q 70314): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...147820469477377
A dog on top of a tank at a tank park in Rollancourt: © IWM (Q 3223): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...193125445423104
France: Petain orders 3,500 Renault FT-17 light tanks.
Artois: British repulse attacks on river Souchez after making gains on June 19.
Aisne: German attack near Vauxaillon takes ground mainly lost again on June 21, likewise southeast of Filain (June 22, lost June 24).

Southern Front
Italians carry height on Piccolo Lagaznoi (Carnia front).
Italian soldiers on the attack in the Jamiano sector against Austro-Hungarian troops:
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...116343455277056
Italian Nieuport XI ‘Bebe’ on a airfield in the Alps. The type was often used by the Italians and built at Macchi under license: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rt-11.jpg?ssl=1
145 Italian aircraft drop 5 1/2 t bombs on South Tyrol, only 26 Austro-Hungarian aircraft oppose.

Political, etc
Germany: Food supervisory committees (Menage-kommissions) allowed in all German warships to give ratings a say in food selection and preparation. For many months they have eaten boiled or dried turnips and a ‘nauseous’ ersatz meat and veg stew dubbed Drahtverhau (literally, ‘wire entanglement’). Last German dreadnought battleship Württemberg launched at Hamburg by Vulcan but never completed (broken up 1921).
Russia: Russian General Brusilov: “In honor bound, free Russia’s armies will not fail to do their duty.”
Russian government indicts former Tsarist officials, including Stürmer, Protopopov, and von Rennenkampf.
Italy: Baron Sonnino on Italian aims (which were chiefly the acquisition of territories part of Austria-Hungary).
United States: President Wilson calls for a recruitment week to boost enlistment, as the U.S. Army is short 70,000 men than planned.

21 June 1917
 

Western Front
Laon: French recover nearly all ground lost near Vauxaillon and make small advance near Mont Cornillet.
Champagne: German attack on the Teton (Champagne) repulsed.
A German barbed wire entanglement near Arras, France: © IWM (Q 2548): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...449803101335552
British troops watching artillery shell bursts near Bullecourt: © IWM (Q 2553): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...481417042776065
First operational Fokker Dr I triplane fighters delivered to Richthofen’s Jasta 11 at Courtrai. [Note: I am suspicious of this claim, as most other sources I have consulted say the first test operational pair weren’t delivered until the end of July or early August]
Richthofen lands with his Fokker Dr I: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...r-dri.jpg?ssl=1
Flanders: British Fourth Army (Rawlinson) begins operations on Flanders coast (until November 18); they involve 8 divisions.

Eastern Front
Russia: Kerensky reviews on June 19 newly formed Women’s ‘Death Battalion’ at Petrograd. Denikin arrives at Minsk to take over Western Front.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Mesopotamia, Persia: Turks by now reoccupy Kizil Ribat and Kasr-i-Shirin.

Political, etc
Russia: Mutiny breaks out in the Russian Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol (see March 16th, 1917 and May 1st, 1918).
United Kingdom: Warrant instituting "Order of the British Empire" published.
British Government place embargo on disposal of U.K. securities in neutral countries by residents in enemy countries.
Due to cuts in beer production, some London pubs limit customers to half a pint at lunch or dinner.
United States: Italian war commission, led by Prince Ferdinando of Udine, arrives in New York City: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...526812259176448
Boris Bakhmeteff, Russian Provisional Government’s ambassador to the US, receives a state dinner with Wilson at the White House.

22 June 1917
 

Western Front
Reception for US Supreme Commander Pershing in France: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rance.jpg?ssl=1 Petain tells Pershing French morale is very low.
British troops walking past the damaged Albert Cathedral in the Somme: © IWM (Q 2474):
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...813576517394432

Heavy German attack on Chemin des Dames front; French lose ground south-east of Filain.

Southern Front
Salonika: British 7th Mounted Brigade (c.2,100 men) begins to embark for Egypt (8th Mounted Brigade embarked from May 31).

Naval and Overseas Operations
Atlantic: U-boats unsuccessfully attack US troop transports.

Political, etc
Germany: Admiral Krosigk of Wilhelmshaven naval base orders careful watch kept on Independent Socialists (‘dangerous agitators’).
Russia: Yevgeni Bauer, Russian film director and screenwriter, passed away: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...828685549719552

23 June 1917
 

Western Front
Germany: Amerikaprogramm submitted to OHL to double fighter units by 1 March 1918 and produce new high-performance fighter.
In the past 2 weeks, U.S. doctors and nurses have taken over 6 British field hospitals in France to free up resources.
(Listed for yesterday): German troops launch an attack on a two-kilometer front against French troops on Chemin des Dames and gain a section of trenches.
French troops repulse German attacks near Filain and Vauxaillon, preventing them from extending yesterday’s gains.
A lone French soldier sitting in the ruins of Dreslincourt: © IWM (Q 78152):
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...214829634330631

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: German torpedo boat escorts 4 steamers from Rotterdam (part of German coastal trade revival since April).
King George V goes to sea for 5th Battle Squadron practice firing (visits Rosyth and Invergordon on June 24).
Indian Ocean: P & O liner Mongolia (23 lives lost) sunk by mine laid by Wolf off Bombay, but vessels based there sweep during June 51 of 68 mines laid off port.
(Listed for yesterday): Baltic: Swedish torpedo cruiser HSwMS Claes Uggla runs aground and sinks: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...860018350993411

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Royal Navy Air Service (3 Shorts from carrier Empress) and Royal Flying Corps (7 aircraft) simultaneously bomb Tulkarm station and El Ramie airfield; 8 RFC aircraft (5 lost) hit Turk Mount of Olives HQ (June 26).
A seaplane nestles in Empress’s hangar: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...angar.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Dr. Ernst Ritter von Seidler appointed Austrian Premier (see 18th and June 21st, 1918), after Count Clam-Martinitz resigns (June 21) over budget impasse.
Russia: Central Rada (Council) of Ukraine declares itself autonomous from the Russian government.
All-Russian Congress of Soviets propose dissolving the Duma and the Council of the Empire.
France: Return of M. Thomas to Paris from Russia.
United Kingdom: British government admits beer rationing were too drastic and orders increases of 33% in production.
United States: Children in costume welcoming the Italian War Commission to the US at Lewisohn Stadium in New York City: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...276514680152064
Greece: Resignation of M. Zaimis, Greek Premier.

24 June 1917
 

Western Front
Germans shoot down 3 BEF Second Army balloons, 2 more subsequently. Independent Jagdgeschwader 1 of Jasta 4, 6, 10 and 11 formed under Richthofen (returned from 6 week leave on June 14) with c.50 fighters.
Destroying the heavily-defended balloons called for a high degree of courage, and there were some pilots specializing in the work. One such was Heinrich Gontermann, who accounted for 18 before being killed: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...r-DrI.jpg?ssl=1
Artois: BEF First Army advances astride river Souchez as Germans retreat before 46th Division’s attacks (night June 24-25).
Portuguese sentries at the front line near Neuve Chapelle: © IWM (Q 6442): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...593575998676992
French troops reverse German gains made near Vauxaillon and take ground near Moisey Farm.

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Count Czernin ‘We could have a separate peace with England in 8 days. It would be a momentary salvation, but … the certain ruin of the dynasty.’
Russia: Mutiny of the Russian Black Sea Fleet ends after Admiral Alexander Kolchak is removed from command.
France: Soldiers of the South African Native Labour Corps doing a “Zulu war dance” for sports day at Dannes: © IWM (Q 2388): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...638885923893248
Ireland: 1 man is killed and several injured as Sinn Feiners and British police clash in Cork. Recruiting stations are attacked.
Serbia: Dragutin Dimitrijevic, leader of the Serbian Black Hand terrorist society which orchestrated Archduke Ferdinand’s assassination, is executed: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...563378477838336
M. Nikola Pashich forms new Serbian Government.
United States: The $400,000,000 U.S.A. Liberty Loan largely over-subscribed.
Greece: (Originally reported yesterday, but two sources state today, with further details as follows): Prime Minister Zaimis resigns, will not recall Venizelist-dominated Chamber of 13 June 1915.
Netherlands: British and German delegates on Prisoners of War question meet at The Hague.

25 June 1917
 

Western Front
The contingent of regular United States troops arriving in France (see May 19th) reaches approximately 14,000 personnel.
Aisne: French capture ‘Dragons’s cave’ near Hurtebise.
Canadian troops advance on a 1.5-mile front southwest of Lens, while British troops carry out raids along a 45-mile front.

Southern Front
Trentino: At 0230 hours surprise Austrian attack by 7 battalions with 103 guns and mortars in close support recaptures all 3 Mt Ortigara heights and repulses 7 Alpini battalions in evening (and on June 26). Italian losses 5,633 men (including c.1,800 PoWs).
Austrian 10cm M10 mountain howitzer in action: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...t-how.jpg?ssl=1

Naval and Overseas Operations
Black Sea: The Turkish cruiser Medilli (formerly the German cruiser Breslau) destroys Russian radio station and lighthouse on Fidonisi Island.
Adriatic: Vice-Admiral Cerni becomes Italian Fleet C-in-C under Revel’s supervision.
Britain: Admiralty forms Convoy Section to provide escorts and organize ‘evasive routing’ based on Room 40 intelligence. Room 40 now sending 66 special telegrams per month based on German codes or signals, especially from radio-happy U-boats via 40 British Isles intercept stations (11 later in Mediterranean) which often fix their bearings.

Political, etc
Germany: Recall of German Minister to Norway, consequent on bomb plot. (Bomb plot? What bomb plot? A search revealed this: http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5544504 from August, 1917, which states that such was discovered in “July”: I think the paper is in error about the timing, and this incident occurred in June, 1917).
United Kingdom: Young workers at a boiler smith shop at the Royal Naval College at Dartmouth: © IWM (Q 53980): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...940873823854593
United States: American Red Cross raises $100 million after an 8-day fundraising campaign to prepare for the U.S. entrance into the war.
Spain: Spain institutes martial law to control socialist demonstrations and agitations.
Greece: M. Venizelos returns to Athens and succeeds M. Zaimis as Premier.

26 June 1917
 

Western Front
Artois: British advance astride Souchez river; La Coulotte occupied. In thunderstorm Canadian Corps begins capture of Avion south of Lens (until June 29).
Frankreich: Advance guard of US 1st Division (‘Big Red One’) lands at St Nazaire, France.
(warning, potentially disturbing): The dying huddled with the dead in Falnders’ fields: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...-dead.jpg?ssl=1
British cavalry entering a village near Arras: © IWM (Q 2211): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...314577934213120

Southern Front
Small Italian withdrawal on Mt. Ortigara.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Pacific, General: 8.5 or 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurs southwest of the Samoan Islands causing widespread damage and a tsunami.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Persia: Russians take Serdesht.

Political, etc
Germany: von Bethmann-Hollweg discusses peace chances with new Papal Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) who sees Kaiser on June 29; Chancellor ready to recognize Belgium under certain conditions.
United Kingdom: Report of Mesopotamia Commission (Vincent-Bingley Medical Report, June 27) published. The report blames India and India Office most for 1915-16 setbacks.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Bonar Law states the war costs Britain £7.752 million daily.

27 June 1917
 

Western Front
Western Front, General: First Sopwith Camel aerial victory of Royal Flying Corps (with No 70 Squadron first RFC unit to receive fighter, 3 more squadrons receive it July).
Sopwith Camel chasing a Hannover: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...nting.jpg?ssl=1
Flanders: German ‘Long Max’ 15-inch gun at Luegenboom fires 55 shells at Dunkirk (24-mile range).
Female ambulance drivers from the British Red Cross at Etaples, France: © IWM (Q 2438): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...646767461130242

Southern Front
Austrian attack on Agnello pass repulsed.

Naval and Overseas Operations
French cruiser Kléber sunk by (42 lives lost) sunk off Brest by mines from UC-61.
British transport Armadale (3 dead) sunk in Atlantic.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Egypt: General Edmund Allenby becomes C-in-C EEF replacing Archibald Murray at Cairo.

Political, etc
Germany: Germany announces that Captain Baron Manfred von Richthofen (Red Baron) has shot down his 56th aeroplane yesterday, extending his record.
United Kingdom: British Secretary of State for War Stanley states Britain will not target German cities in reprisal for German attacks on British cities.
United States: U.S. loans to Allied countries pass $1 billion ($20.9 billion today) after it approved new loans to Great Britain and France.
Greece: M. Venizelos assumes power at Athens. Diplomatic relations severed with Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. Declaration of War by Provisional Government against Germany and Bulgaria of November 23rd, 1916, becomes effective for the whole of Greece. "State of War" also begins between Greece and Austria-Hungary and between Greece and Turkey (see 26th).

28 June 1917
 

Western Front
British advance on two-mile front south of Souchez river. Canadians secure most of Avion; 46th Division clears Hill 65; 15th Infantry Brigade (5th Division) captures position on edge of Oppy Wood under cover of smoke, previous assaults without failed bloodily. The British are now within a mile from Lens.
Germans positions near Oppy carried.
German attack north-west of Verdun; French trenches on Hill 304 captured.
A canteen counter set up inside a hole made by a shell at Blangy-sur-Ternoise: © IWM (Q 5531): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...704673040515072

Eastern Front
Galicia: Preliminary Russian shelling (including Royal Navy Air Service manned trench mortars) from 0400 hours, bridge behind Brzezany blown up.

Naval and Overseas Operations
The Doxa, a Greek destroyer seized by the French Navy, is attacked and sunk by the German submarine UB-47, resulting in 29 deaths.
German Admiralty orders U-boats to act off France and Italy as well as severing Salonika transport route, neutral ships in British convoys to be treated as hostile (June 30).

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Czech Socialist memorandum published.
Thousands demonstrate in Budapest, demanding universal, equal, and secret voting rights.
United Kingdom: Since last year, British artillery shell production has increased 4-fold. Since March 1915, the increase is 28 times.
Lord Northcliffe, head of the British war commission, warns the U.S. against the censorship “blunder” Britain committed early in the war.
New Zealand: In recognition of New Zealand's services, "Governor" changed to "Governor-General".
Canada: Canadian Labour MP Alphonse Verville threatens a general strike if Canada institutes a draft without consent of the people.
United States: U.S. Senate passes a bill for daylight saving time, which will start next year.
U.S. Senate begins debating whether or not to ban the brewing of beer for the duration of the war to conserve wheat.
U.S. marines in Pennsylvania on a train to New York, where they will then be shipped to France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...068298569916416

29 June 1917
 

Western Front
Flanders: British troops take a mile of trenches south of Oppy, and Canadian troops also advance south of Lens and enter Avion.
Verdun: Germans capture trenches on Hill 304, more fighting west of Mort Homme on June 30.
Aisne: German attacks on Chemin des Dames (until July 1) around Cerny.

Eastern Front
Galicia: Russian Summer Offensive begins (see July 18th). Heavy Russian artillery fire begins targeting Austro-Hungarian and German lines in Galicia in preparation for an offensive.
Kerensky order ‘Your C-in-C (Brusilov), beloved through victory, is convinced that each day of delay merely helps the enemy … I call on the Army, fortified by the strength and spirit of the Revolution, to take the offensive’. Russian II Cavalry Corps forces surrender of 1,500 mutineers from 19th Siberian Division at Kolomea.
Alexander Kerensky in his study: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...enski.jpg?ssl=1

Southern Front
Trentino: Austrian coy retakes Height 6585 (Porta Maora) by surprise descent during night June 29-30.
Dolomites: Austrian attack repulsed.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Announcement that General Allenby has arrived in Egypt and assumed command of Allied forces in succession to General Murray.

Political, etc
United Kingdom: Speech by Mr. Lloyd George at Glasgow.

30 June 1917
 

Western Front
France: General Anthoine in command of French First Army in Flanders delivers signal from Petain to Haig: ‘The [BEF] offensive in Flanders must be an unqualified success particularly because of the present state of [French] morale.’
Germany: Ludendorff only now learns of French mutinies when worst is over.
Canadian troops advance on a 4-mile front south of Lens, while German forces make further advances against French lines at Cerny and Verdun.
French soldiers in a cemetery at the ruined village of Mercatel: © IWM (Q 92697): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...728893115727873
A ruined church and calvary hill scene at Ablainzeville: © IWM (Q 78076): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...745246463799297

Eastern Front
Galicia: Heavy artillery action, German reply includes gas. Commander Locker-Lampson sees Kerensky in Southwest Front HQ train ‘Prodigious effort speaking … and making up by personality for … discipline had worn him out’
A German howitzer bombards the Russians: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...sians.jpg?ssl=1

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian Sixth Army losses (since June 10) 23,736 (including 12,735 Alpini); Austrian 8828 soldiers. ‘Ortigara Tragedy’ demoralizes Italian line troops.
Salonika: British 60th Division sails for Egypt. French have to force some of 2,500 Russians after leave at Athens to reembark for Salonika.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Allied and neutral shipping losses 286 ships at 674,458t (U-boat official history figure 696,725t including 164,299t in Mediterranean); 2 U-boats lost, 8 commissioned (record 61 U-boats at sea during June).
Shipping forecasts for Controller Sir J Maclay indicate not enough British shipping for import of necessities by December 1 if 300,000t per month lost, but neutral shipping entrances only 20% down on normal thanks to US war entry and much diplomacy. British merchant fleet has lost 2 1/4 million tons not 3 1/2 million tons German Admiral Holtzendorff hoped.
North Sea: During June Royal Navy lay 1,120 mines in southern half.
USA: Shipping Board recruits 41,977 officers and sailors (until June 30, 1920).
A hospital ship docking in Halifax, Canada with wounded soldiers disembarking: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...426947066638337
East Africa: German forces driven from Nyassaland to the Rovuma border by British and Portuguese.

Political, etc
Russia: Members of the Russian Duma rejects the All-Russian Congress of Soviets’ call for its dissolution.
Soviet delegates leave Russia for Socialist conferences in Stockholm, England, France and Italy.
Greece: New Government severs relations with all Central Powers.
Spain: Neutral Spain re-iterates the ban on all submarines of belligerent powers from entering Spanish waters.

1 July 1917
 

Western Front
Aisne: Violent bombardment, followed by German attacks in Cerny-Ailles sector (northern Aisne); British claim that German losses are ‘heavy’.
Artois: British 46th Division (First Army) attacks Lievin.
Verdun: French counter-attack northwest of Mort Homme.
Britain claims they took 8,686 German prisoners, 67 artillery guns, 102 mortars, and 345 machine guns on the Western Front in June.
Canadian troops (some wearing captured German helmets) celebrating Dominion Day (now celebrated as Canada Day) in a recently taken village in France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...117701204303872

Eastern Front
Galicia: “KERENSKY” OR “SECOND BRUSILOV (SUMMER)” OFFENSIVE (until July 18) on 50-mile front astride Brzezany with 31 infantry divisions and 1,328 guns with objective Lemberg. Seventh Army gains little ground and loses it all to Germans by July 6, but Eleventh Army drives 3-mile wedge between opposing armies at Koniuchy. Russians take 10,429 PoWs and 5 guns for 17,339 casualties.
British soldiers and Russian officers in the trenches in Galicia: © IWM (Q 109746): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...086243777413120

Southern Front
Austrians very active in the Trentino. Attacks repulsed by Italians.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Britain: 3,000 British merchant ships have guns; 2,180 guns mounted in 1917 only 190 under 12-pounder (3-inch) calibre. ASW depth charge issue doubled to 4,6 by August. 100-300 used per month during 1917 (production 1,678 per month) against U-boats. Bomb or howitzer thrower (most common 7.5in howitzer) begins to equip 542 warships and 735 merchantmen, able to fire 111-113-lb bombs 650-2600 yards astern or broadside on.
Atlantic: First regular eastbound transatlantic convoy sails from Hampton Roads (Virginia), codelettered HH1. Other regular convoys from Canadian Sydney (Cape Breton), Gibraltar and New York. U-boat attack on US troop convoy defeated. Average of U-boats at sea falls to 41 per day.
British War Painting, The Convoy: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...onvoy.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
Germany: Austrian Emperor Charles state visit to Bavaria and Wurttemberg.
United Kingdom: Announcement in Holland of assurance by Lord Derby that Britain will not strike at Germany through Holland if she remains neutral.
Dadabhai Naoroji, the 2nd Asian man elected as British MP & one of the founders of the Indian National Congress, passed away: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...820788563243008
Italy: Italian Chamber of Deputies votes 361 to 63 in confidence of the government and its conduct of the war.
Belgium: During July Captain Landau (MI1c) takes over 129-strong La Dame Blanche train watching network and crucially expands it by end-September.
United States: 22 U.S. states now have complete prohibition of liquor, as the Reed amendment prohibits transportation of liquor into a “dry” state.
China: Manchu Emperor Hsuan-Fung restored (see June 6th, 1916 and July 6th and 7th, 1917).
Switzerland: During July Sir Basil Zahroff meets Enver Pasha and Abdal Karim (Colonel Frobenius) in Switzerland and offers $1.5m for Turkey to sign separate peace, but refused.

2 July 1917
 

Western Front
British advance towards Lens is checked, with Germany taking 175 prisoners and 17 machine guns.
The remains of the village of Le Transloy, France: © IWM (Q 61269): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...480087639556097
British airplanes bomb Bruges.
German attacks repulsed north of the Aisne.

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: The Czechoslovak Legion sees its first major engagement at Zborov & capture Austro-Hungarian lines as part of the Kerensky Offensive.
Russia claims the capture of 6,300 Central Powers soldiers, 21 artillery guns, and 16 machine guns today.
General Brusilov on the current offensive: “A decisive battle has begun, on which depends the fate of the liberty of the Russian people.”

Naval and Overseas Operations
First regular convoy of merchant ships sails from Hampton Roads (Va.) [Experimental convoys had been tried in May. Convoys outward from Great Britain did not start till August.] (see May 17th and June 14th).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Turkey: German c.6500-strong Asia Corps (3 battalions, 3 cavalry troops, 18 guns, 18 MGs, 12 mortars, 4 air squadrons) formed, as elite help under Colonel Frankenburg for Turks.
German-Turkish patrol in the desert. The ‘Asia Corps’ is the predecessor of Rommel’s Afrika Korps in WW2: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...korps.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Kaiser (told first US troops have landed in France) and Ludendorff in Vienna War Council.
Emperor grants amnesty to all condemned by emergency military courts (2,593 freed by July 31).
United Kingdom: King and Queen at ‘1867 Canadian Federation Jubilee Service’, Westminster Abbey.
United States: Following weeks of violence & tensions in East St. Louis, 2 white police officers are killed, allegedly by unidentified African American assailants. A mob of whites then invades African American districts, killing and lynching 40-200 blacks and burning hundreds of homes.
15,000 New York blacks stage silent protest march in support of the St Louis strikes.
Poland: Pilsudski resigns and refuses loyalty oath to Germany (arrested July 22; Polish Legions broken up and 5,000 interned for refusing oath on July 9).
Greece: NEW GOVERNMENT DECLARES WAR ON CENTRAL POWERS.
Netherlands: Agreement signed at The Hague for the exchange of combatant and civilian British and German prisoners of war (see May 13th, 1916).
Riots occur Amsterdam over the shortage of potatoes, resulting in casualties as mobs clash with police.
China: President of China Li Yuanhong, trapped in Peking by monarchist forces, refuses to resign in favor of the restored Emperor Puyi.

3 July 1917
 

Western Front
Aisne: German attack on a front of 11 miles north of the Aisne ‘repulsed with heavy loss’.
German attacks towards Verdun repulsed.
British air raid on Belgian towns.
Interior of a destroyed church at Grevillers, France: © IWM (Q 61213): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...858836872785920
German infantryman of an assault unit wearing full trench body armor: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rmour.jpg?ssl=1

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive:
Russian attack of Brzezany fails.
Russian Eleventh Army has taken 14,000 PoWs and over 30 guns so far, but slow reserves prevent exploitation.
Artillery activity growing in the Stokhod area.

Southern Front
Austro-Hungarian troops launch attacks against Italian lines on the Carso and claim the capture of 272 prisoners.
Dardanelles: 9 Royal Navy Air Service aircraft open night bombing offensive from Mudros against Gallipoli (also raids on July 8, 11, 15).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Troops of the Arab Revolt on camels near Maan, Jordan: © IWM (Q 59158): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...828636755730432
Arabia: Lawrence’s 450 Arabs destroy Turkish battalion (460 casualties) at Abu-el-Lissal; 120 Turks at Guweira surrender to Sheikh Ibn Jad.

Political, etc
United Kingdom: Statement in House of Lords by Lord Hardinge (Ex-Viceroy of India) on report of Mesopotamia Commission.
Netherlands: Amsterdam dock workers go on strike to protest food shortages. Demonstrations and riots continue in the city.
China: Chinese President Li Yuanhong seeks refuge in the Japanese embassy to oppose Zhang Xun’s restoration of Emperor Puyi.

4 July 1917
 

Western Front
18 of 25 Gotha bombers (Captain Kleine) sent to attack Harwich and Felixstowe (Royal Navy Air Service Station damaged, 4 civilian casualties, 43 service casualties (17 killed, 30 injured). 5 Sopwith Camels from Dunkirk attack homeward-bound Gothas without success. 21 Gothas (1 lost to Bristol fighter off Ostend) repeat, raid on July 22 when 122 fighters ascend to no avail, 1 Gotha crashes on landing.
German attacks north of the Aisne against British forces and at Verdun against French lines are repulsed.

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Kerensky Offensive slows down and the Russian advance towards the town of Brzezany (Berezhany) is halted due to heavy casualties.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Ponta Delgada (Azores) shelled by a German submarine.
Concerted attack by German submarines on United States transports defeated. (Note: this is the third report of this, and given the way submarines were operated, a “concerted”, or IOW, co-ordinated, attack would have been difficult to achieve. It is likely that only one of these three types of attacks was actually attempted, and I have no idea which one, if any, actually occurred.)
North Sea: Redesigned light battlecruiser HMS Furious joins Grand Fleet (rebuilt since March 19) as carrier with 10 aircraft.
Aircraft carrier HMS Furious with a Sea Scout Z anti-submarine balloon on its rear flight deck: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rious.jpg?ssl=1
Baltic: Dreadnought battleship Petropavlosk at Helsinki issues anti-government ultimatum threatening to sail and shell Petrograd.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Turkish cavalry reconnaissance from Beersheba (Palestine); shelled and forced to retreat.

Political, etc
France: Pershing leads 14,500 US troops through Paris; Captain Charles E Stanton says at Piepus Cemetery ‘Lafayette, we are here!’.
King George V and Queen Mary arrive in Calais to visit the Western Front: © IWM (Q 5580): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...889033697284096
United States: Liberty air engine sent to Washington tests (publicly passed on September 12).
China: Chinese Republican forces, opposing Puyi's restoration to the throne, begin surrounding monarchist troops in Peking.
Argentina: Government protests against U-boat torpedoing of 2 ships. German Ambassador Count Luxburg using Swedish Legation to contact Berlin.

5 July 1917
 

Western Front
Flanders: Slight British advance south of Ypres. Artillery duels on the Aisne and in Champagne.
Queen Mary inspecting Bristol Fighter planes at the aerodrome at Saint-Omer: © IWM (Q 11848): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...596224532197377

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: German and Austro-Hungarian forces launch probing attacks against Russian forces around Brzezany (Berezhany).

Naval and Overseas Operations
A squadron of the German High Seas Fleet in Wilhelmshaven: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...haven.jpg?ssl=1
German submarine SM UC-7, credited with sinking 32 ships, goes missing, presumably sunk. UB-12 sighted a submarine believed to be UC-7 on 5 July, west of the Bligh Bank, 46km (29mi) from Ostend. The submarine in question was reported to be on a course that would run it into a minefield, and Verschollen notes that the time and place would be correct if UC-7 were returning to base. The bodies of two crew members were later washed ashore on the coast of Flanders on 19 July. There was also a claim that UC-7 was sunk by HMS Salmon on 7 July off Southwold, but this was doubted since the reported position was too far off UC-7's operating area.
British destroyer mined in North Sea (announced), 18 survivors. (Note: I am unsure if this refers to HMS Cheerful or HMS Tartar, both of which struck mines the previous month).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Arabia: Lawrence confronts 300 Turks from Aqaba who reject two surrender summons.
South Persia: Action at Kafta (north of Shiraz): 250 British soldiers defeat 500 tribesmen and storm fort.
Improvement in comfort and health of troops in Mesopotamia announced.

Political, etc
Germany: Hunger and coaling strike by ratings beginning with High Seas Fleet flagship secures the establishment of food supervisory committees aboard most ships during July.
Kaiser Wilhelm declares that German POWs who did not surrender voluntarily will be awarded the Iron Cross.
Reichstag opens.
Russia: Reval naval base ‘Death Battalion’ leaves for front.
France: Bonnet Rouge editor arrested, paper suspended on July 12.
French Marshal Joffre and US General Pershing at the Les Invalides, Paris: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...262803771518977
United States: Due to debt troubles, demolition of Nikola Tesla’s Wardenclyffe tower begins so it can be sold for scrap: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...294245905879040
China: Anti-monarchist Chinese forces capture the Peking-Tientsin railway in the fight to oppose the restoration of Emperor Puyi.
Sweden: Belgian Socialists announce at Stockholm their determination to make no peace with German Imperialism.

6 July 1917
 

Western Front
Aerial activity south of Ypres.
German towns bombed by French aeroplanes.
Guynemer scores first victory with his new 37-mm Puteaux cannon-armed Spad S.12, DFW downed with a single shot (Fonck achieves 6 kills with this powerful but dangerous recoil weapon). Germans bomb RNAS Bray Dunes airfield, damage 12 aircraft (night July 6-7). Richthofen wounded in air combat by FE26 of No 20 Suadron Royal Flying Corps, out of action for 6 weeks, but JG1 scores 9 victories without loss on July 7 under Captain W Reinhard.
Manfred von Richthofen, the ace of the aces, recovers from his head injury: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...undet.jpg?ssl=1
Flanders: Germans fire 300,000 shells of high explosive and gas at new British Yser bridgeheads taken over from French (until July 10).
Pershing tells Washington that a million men must be sent to France by May 1918.

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Russian attack Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia spreading in region of Stanislau.
Heavy fighting near Brzezany. Russians claim 7,000 PoWs; 48 guns and Jutrena Gora summit by July 8, only German reserves stem rout.

Naval and Overseas Operations
British destroyer HMS Itchen torpedoed and sunk in North Sea, 8 lost.
US submarines in the Gatun Lock of the Panama Canal: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...656636552327169

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Aqaba (Arabia) occupied by Arab forces. 300 Turks surrender to Lawrence’s 2,500 Arabs, 130 miles from Allenby’s front. Lawrence leaves with 8 camel riders to cross Sinai and get food ship from Suez (arrives on July 8).

Political, etc
Germany: Crisis in Germany owing to the demand in the Reichstag for reforms in domestic and foreign policy and a peace without annexations or indemnities.
Germany lifts travel restrictions on American citizens living in the country, who can now travel without a permit.
France: King George V watching a tank display at Neuve Eglise: © IWM (Q 6435): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...626430563209217
Canada: Second reading of Conscription Bill in Canada carried.
Netherlands: In Amsterdam, riot caused by potato shortages is ended when the army shoots at the crowd, killing 9 and wounding 114.
China: Li-Yuan-Hung, President of China, resigns and is succeeded by Feng-Kuo-Chang (see June 6th, 1916, July 7th, 1917 and October 11th, 1918).

I continue to find these reports very interesting. I'm so glad you've been keeping these up, gg. Fascinating to read these daily accounts ... almost like you were living at the time and following the progress of the war. :thumbs:

7 July 1917
 

Western Front
Britain: Severe airplane raid on England. 22 Gotha bombers (2 lost including 1 shot down, 3 written off in crash landings on return; another source claims 11 German airplanes accounted for.) attack London and Margate with 4.3t bombs on City and East End (roof of St Martin’s-le-Grand GPO hit and Ironmongers’ Hall; more than £200,000 damage). 108 defence sorties (20 or so engage, 145 civilian casualties, 5 service casualties; another source puts casualties at 250). Anti-foreigner riots in East End, shops smashed. Cabinet meets Prime Minister (again on July 9), sanctions 3 more home defence squadrons, No 46 withdrawn from France, 24 Sopwith Camels not sent (until August 30). (See November 28th, and August 22nd, 1916 and May 19th and July 20th, 1918).
Germany: French raid Essen and other towns in reprisal for bombing of Nancy and Epernay.
Preparing bombs on a Gotha bomber: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...mbing.jpg?ssl=1
The Central Telegraph Office in London burning after being hit by a German Gotha bomber: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...265639753945088
British airplanes bomb Ghistelles (Belgium).
France: Minor French gains on the Aisne (German attacks repulsed on July 8 and 9) and at Verdun.
Flanders: 2,174 British guns concentrated.
Also a supplement, somehow missed yesterday:
Richthofen sustained a serious head wound on 6 July 1917, during combat near Wervicq against a formation of FE 2d two seat fighters of 20 Squadron, RFC, causing instant disorientation and temporary partial blindness. He regained his vision in time to ease the aircraft out of a spin and execute a forced landing in a field in friendly territory. The injury required multiple operations to remove bone splinters from the impact area. The air victory was credited to Captain Donald Cunnell of No. 20, who was killed by German anti-aircraft fire a few days later on 12 July 1917 near Wervicq, Belgium; his observer Lt. A. G. Bill successfully flew the airplane back to base. The Red Baron returned to active service against doctor's orders on 25 July, but went on convalescent leave from 5 September to 23 October. His wound is thought to have caused lasting damage; he later often suffered from post-flight nausea and headaches, as well as a change in temperament. There is even a theory linking this injury with his eventual death.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
T.E. Lawrence, along with 8 others, head out into the Sinai Desert to inform the British army in Egypt of the victory at Aqaba

Political, etc
Germany: Kaiser in Berlin approves Prussian Parliament voting on equal francise, orders bill’s preparation (July 11).
France: King George V, Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, Queen Mary of Teck, & King Albert I of Belgium at Tramecourt Chateau today: © IWM (Q 2546): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...283257789480960
French newsreel showing Prince Alexander of Serbia on the Salonika Front and other news: http://film.iwmcollections.org.uk/record/index/45413
French Government affirm their right of control in respect of army services.

8 July 1917
 

Western Front
Aisne: Heavy fighting on the Aisne; German attacks repulsed. Germany launch 4 attacks against French lines in the Aisne, but only gain some first line trenches.
Verdun: French forces take 3 points near Verdun.
Unveiling of the 1st Australian Division memorial at Pozieres: © IWM (Q 2598): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...660724295356416

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Austro-Hungarian front broken west of Stanislau by General Kornilov; 7,000 prisoners taken, cavalry pursue enemy, rout stemmed by German reserves. Russian forces claim the capture of 7000 Austro-Hungarian prisoners. The resulting gap in the Austrian lines was large enough that, for one of the few times in the war, the cavalry prepared to exploit a breakthrough could actually be used to great effect. Two entire cavalry divisions pushed through and reached as far as Kalusz, over 15 miles distant, by July 11. However, with the Seventh and Eleventh Armies to his north unwilling to renew their offensive, this left the Eighth Army’s rapidly advancing flank increasingly exposed; and the German reserves, as related above, were able to force back the Russian advance.

Naval and Overseas Operations
(Reported for yesterday): German submarine SM U-99 is sunk by the Royal Navy submarine HMS J2.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Persia: Russian forces begin withdrawal from Western Persia; Qasr-i-Shirin evacuated (see May 7th, 1916, March 25th, 1917 and January 8th, 1918).
Mesopotamia: British occupy Dhibban on Euphrates during hottest summer in memory (122°F in shade at Baghdad).
Under 50°C heat (123°F), British troops begin advancing on Ottoman lines defending Ramadi (Iraq).
Cigarette card illustration of a Middlesex Regiment Territorial at Baghdad: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...gdadh.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
Russia: The 1st Russian Women’s Battalion of Death, under Maria Bochkareva, head to the front to participate in the Kerensky Offensive: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...343678491832322
Women's Battalions were all-female combat units formed after the February Revolution by the Russian Provisional Government in a last-ditch effort to inspire the mass of war-weary soldiers to continue fighting in World War I. Fifteen formations were created in 1917, including the 1st Russian Women's Battalion of Death, a separate unit called the 1st Petrograd Women's Battalion formed a few weeks later in Petrograd, the 2nd Moscow Women's Battalion of Death created in Moscow, and the 3rd Kuban Women's Shock Battalion organized in Ekaterinodar. Four communications detachments were created in Moscow and Petrograd. Seven additional communications units were created in Kiev and Saratov, again employing privately organized women's units already existing in those cities. Additional unsanctioned battalions sprang in cities across Russia. An all-female naval unit was created in Oranienbaum, the 1st Women's Naval Detachment, as part of the Naval Infantry Training Detachment.
Canada: Tom Thomson, influential Canadian artist, dies under mysterious circumstances. His “The Jack Pine”: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...690928896192517
United States: America declares an embargo on exportation of foods, metal and coal.
Women workers at a flag factory at the Brooklyn Navy Yard: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...328562106970113

9 July 1917
 

Western Front
Britain:General Wilson to Haig on Gotha London raid ‘one would have thought the world was coming to an end’.
Flanders: Slight British advance on Messines sector.
Aisne: French counter-attacks at Braye-en-Launnois. German forces attack French lines at the Aisne on a 2-mile front and take 830 prisoners.

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Austrian Third Army retreats to river Lomnica, losing 1000 PoWs. Its C-in-C Tersztyanzky replaced by Kritek by July 16.

Southern Front
Turkey: An RNAS Handley Page (flown out to Mudros in May) bombs (8 x 112lb) Constantinople (Golden Horn area) and Turco-German Fleet for 35 minutes after 7hr flight; destroyer damaged and Turkish War Office.
Handley Page O/100 biplane on an airfield in the Mediterranean: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...e-100.jpg?ssl=1
Isonzo: Austro-Hungarian “attacks” (once again, probably no more than raids) on Italian positions west of Tolmino (Upper Isonzo) repulsed.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Dreadnought battleship H.M.S. Vanguard sunk by internal explosion in Scapa Flow harbor, as a result of unstable cordite (804 dead, only 3 survivors).
Mediterranean: Ludendorff warns German Navy that British may try landings behind Turks in Palestine, U-boat always to be in Eastern Mediterranean (July 16) and Port Said-Gaza route to be mined, 3 U-boats assigned (September 29).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Russians report evacuation of towns on Mesopotamian front owing to Turkish pressure.

Political, etc
Germany: Military propaganda service entrusted with enlightenment of the front-line troops.
Kaiser rejects von Bethmann-Hollweg’s peace policy without annexation.
France: French Minister of Finance orders the prohibition of imports into the country except for items necessary for the war.
United Kingdom: Secret Session of House of Commons on London air raids.
Japan: Hanabusa Yoshimoto, Japanese diplomat, privy councilor, and former Chairman of the Japanese Red Cross, passed away: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...994161950732288
United States: 300 German and Austro-Hungarian dockworkers are fired from New York City docks on suspicion (without evidence) that they spied on US troop sailings.

10 July 1917
 

Western Front
Flanders: At dusk, 15 German battalions attack Nieuport: Fierce artillery duels. German marines advance near Lombaertzyde on 1,400-yard front east of Yser mouth and take over 1,000 PoWs; 2 British platoons surrounded, fight to last man. 1st and 32nd Divisions otherwise hold. More German attacks repulsed on July 14. German objective is to prevent British plans to land on the Belgian coast.
A column of German soldiers moving up into attack positions among the dunes near Nieuwpoort (Belgian spelling): © IWM (Q 29876): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...352772560310272
Gasmask for men and donkey: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...-muli.jpg?ssl=1
King George V inspecting men of the South African Native Labour Corps at Abbeville: © IWM (Q 2573): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...367872876740610

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Kornilov takes Halicz (now Halych, Ukraine) with 2,000 PoWs, Kalusz (July 11), crosses river Lomnica (July 12). By July 13 total Russian PoW haul 36,643.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Egypt: Lawrence meets Allenby at Cairo, gains £200,000 monthly subsidy for Arabs (later £500,000) apart from £16,000 in gold for Aqaba.
Mesopotamia: British occupy Madhij Defile 18 miles west of Falluja on Euphrates; 2 German airmen surrender on foot at Samarra.

Political, etc
Germany: German Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg: “We cannot declare our terms of peace. We must fight and conquer.”
United Kingdom: Associated Press reports that 7,000,000 seven-penny and shilling books have been sent to soldiers at the front.
Official statement gives British captures on all fronts since beginning of war as 117,772 prisoners and 759 guns.

11 July 1917
 

Western Front
In light of the German air raids on Britain, a Cabinet Committee is set up to consider air organisation and air defence. Although nominally under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, in practice the Committee consisted solely of Lieutenant General Jan C. Smuts.
Western Front: After bad weather delay, Royal Flying Corps Flanders pre-Third Ypres offensive begins, including night-bombing.
A new British Airco DH-4 bomber, which entered service in spring 1917: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...o-DH4.jpg?ssl=1

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Capture of Kalusz (western Stanislau, Galicia) by Russians.

Southern Front
Statistics of health of British army at Salonika published.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Report of British operations in East Africa published.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
British column from Feluja (Euphrates) engages Turkish force up the river and inflicts considerable loss.
Despatch on operations in Mesopotamia published. India Secretary Austen Chamberlain resigns his PUS Montagu succeeds on July 17.
Mesopotamia: c.2,500 British, 4 armored cars, 14 guns with 127 vans and lorries (600 infantry carried) attack 820 Turks with 6 guns at Ramadi; but make little progress due to accurate Ottoman fire, a dust storm, & burning heat (321 out of 566 casualties to heat). British beat off 1,500 Arabs in retreat to Dhibban.
121°F heat evaporates water in 3 Royal Flying Corps aircraft trying to support Ramadi attack (2 German aircraft similarly lost on July 9).

Political, etc
Germany: Kaiser promises an equal franchise in the next elections to the Prussian Diet.
Russia: Overworked and insomniac Lenin travels to Finland to rest (Until July 17).
United Kingdom: Announcement of judicial enquiry into the conduct of all persons affected by Mesopotamia Reported.
Kiplings poem ‘Mesopotamia’ published in Morning Post.
Ireland: Sinn Fein candidate Edward (Éamon) de Valera, Irish commander during the Easter Rising, defeats Nationalist in East Clare election.

:faint: Gets me tired just trying to imagine temperatures like that.

12 July 1917
 

Western Front
Flanders: FIRST USE OF MUSTARD GAS: Germans fire 50,000 rounds (125t) at British near Ypres (Allies dub it Yperite), 2,490 gassed (87 deaths), mainly in 15th Division.
Edward ‘Mick’ Mannock scores 4 victories (until July 13). Record air activity to date including 30 Anglo-French fighters vs 30 German (2 lost) on day that costs 9 British and 14 German aircraft.
French Army patrol leaving their trenches in the La Haranzee sector: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...760494933934081
King George V and General Julian Byng visiting a war cemetery at Thiepval: © IWM (Q 5642): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...109032444362753
Donald Cunnell, British observer known for shooting down and wounding von Richthofen (Red Baron), is killed in action.
British air raid into Belgium.

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: General Kornilov crosses the Lomnica river. Minor Russian progress towards Dolina.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: Destroyer HMS Patriot depth charges and sinks U-69 east of Shetlands.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Allenby asks for 3 more Royal Flying Corps Squadrons, gets 2 by September.
British troops withdraw from the Battle of Ramadi due to the Ottoman defenses and the excessive desert heat of around 50°C (123°F).
Announced that Turks have been routed by King of Hejaz in northern Arabia, 700 killed, 600 prisoners.

Political, etc
Russia: Former Tsar Nicholas of Russia appeals to the Provisional Government so he can buy bonds to fund the new government and war effort.
United Kingdom: Large increase in the number of divorces in Britain is blamed on hasty weddings with “unhappy sequels” by soldiers going to the front.
United States: Vigilantes illegally kidnapped and forcibly deported about 1,300 striking mine workers, their supporters, and bystanders from Bisbee, Arizona, U.S., to New Mexico. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisbee_Deportation
China: Chinese Republican troops fighting in the Eastern Palace Entrance, Peking: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...063721663561728
With Peking surrounded by Republican troops, monarchist General Zhang Xun flees & the restored Emperor Puyi falls from power.

13 July 1917
 

Western Front
Germany’s use of mustard gas against British forces around Nieuwpoort cause 2,143 casualties and silence British artillery guns.
King George V and his party walking through the damaged streets of Peronne: © IWM (Q 5671): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...444963676368896

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Further Russian progress around Kalusz; claim 1,600 prisoners.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Sahara: 960 French and Allies from Agades defeat Senussi Khoassen and take his gun at Amzet but he raids Dammerghou killing 20 French on August 30.

Political, etc
Germany: Theobold von Bethmann resigns as Imperial German Chancellor, Dr Michaelis (from Prussian Food Office, unknown to Kaiser) succeeds on July 14. Foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann resigns on July 15. Dr Georg Michaelis in 1932 (Bundesarchiv, Picture 183-2004-0720-500). The completely unknown lawyer, after the OHL had sawn out the ‘soft’ Bethmann, was called, quite surprisingly, as Chancellor. He was inexperienced and also preventing the peace resolution of the Reichstag, and in 1926 he was made responsible for the ‘possible prolongation of the war to Germany’s disadvantage’. After only 3 1/2 months in the office he was replaced again: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...aelis.jpg?ssl=1
France: General Petroleum Committee formed.
United Kingdom: Deputation on London Air Defences received by Prime Minister.

14 July 1917
 

Western Front
Flanders: Between July 14 and August 4 German artillery fire 1 million rounds (2,500t) of mustard gas shell at British between Nieuport and Armentieres; 14,726 gassed (500 deaths).
Gas victims by the mustard gas used by the Germans in Ypres in July 1917, which the British call Yperit: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...krieg.jpg?ssl=1
German attacks repulsed in region of Lombartzyde (Nieuport).
Champagne: French capture trenches on Moronvilliers Massif; counter-attacks repulsed on July 15 and 16.
Aisne: Germans make small gains on Chemin des Dames and at Cerny.
Artois: First AEF (American Expedition Force) casualty, Lieutenant Louis I Genella suffers shell wound with BEF southwest of Arras.
France: General Estienne reviews his Schneider tanks at Champlieu camp near Compiegne.
King George V and Queen Mary end their tour of the Western Front and embark at Calais: © IWM (Q 2591): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...822459919970304
Footage documenting King George V and Queen Mary’s visit to the Western Front from July 3 to the 14th: http://film.iwmcollections.org.uk/record/index/47234

Eastern Front
Finland declares independence from Russia.

Naval and Overseas Operations
East Africa: Kilwa Forces (Beves) surprises and drives Germans from Mtandawala. Shorthose’s NRFF column (700 soldiers with 2 guns) gets airdropped orders to occupy Tunduru 100 miles to north, rafts across river Rovuma on July 31.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Successful British raid on Turks near Gaza.

Political, etc
Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm calls on Field Marshal von Hindenburg and General Ludendorff for a conference in response to the Chancellor’s resignation. Georg Michaelis, with backing by Field Marshal Hindenburg, becomes the new Chancellor of Germany: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...807358806544386
United Kingdom: (Listed for yesterday): British government takes control over this year’s crops of wheat, barley, oats, rye, and potatoes to ensure proper food supply.
Sir Douglas Haig made K.T.
Canada: Ongoing construction of the Peace Tower for the Canadian Parliament in Ottawa: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...505378003320832
United States: U.S. War Department calls on 687,000 men to respond to the draft.
U.S. House of Representatives votes nem. Con. $128,000,000 to send 22,000 aeroplanes and 100,000 airmen to Western Front.

15 July 1917
 

Western Front
Men of the Chinese Labour Corps working at a timber yard at Caestre, cutting wood for railway construction: © IWM (Q 5898): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...852668786331653
Octave Lapize, French fighter pilot and cyclist who won the 1910 Tour de France, is shot down and killed in action: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...867754175307777
German troops make gains against French lines near Cerny in the Aisne, taking around 500 yards of trenches.
The ruined streets of Liévin, France: © IWM (Q 78490): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...206232641630209
British air raid on Belgium.

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Litzmann’s 4 new German divisions block Kornilov after 18-mile advance, he evacuates Kalusz on July 16 but then holds, gaining and then losing Nowica on July 18.

Southern Front
Italian raid in the Carso, 275 prisoners.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Atlantic: U-boats switch main attack to outward-bound unescorted shipping, twice as risky for latter as homeward bound by August.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Southern Turkey: 4 Royal Navy Air Service Short seaplanes from HMS Empress report hits on cotton factories near Adana. Empress aircraft later starts fires in Beirut quay warehouses in August and on September 27.
Short seaplanes before launching: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...ching.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
Germany: Dr. Artur von Zimmermann, German Foreign Minister, resigns (see November 21st, 1916, and August 5th, 1917).
Russia: Crisis in Russia: resignation of four Ministers of Cadet Party, as protest against recognition of the Ukraine.
United Kingdom: Commander Reginald Tyrwhitt of Harwich Force knighted.
David Lloyd George congratulates Russia for the recent successes of the Kerensky Offensive.
United States: 16 women protesting outside of the White House for equal voting rights, known as the “Silent Sentinels,” are arrested: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...914431112323072
China: Republic of China accuses Germany of helping monarchist forces in their attempt to restore the Qing Emperor.

16 July 1917
 

Western Front
British airplanes conduct a raid on German targets in Belgium, including a chemical factory in Zeebrugge and railways in Ostend.
The mangled remains of the commune of Chaulnes, France: © IWM (Q 78935): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...543454586753024
Champagne: German counter-attacks repulsed at Moronvillers.

Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: German and Austro-Hungarian forces launch counterattacks at Kalusz (Kalush, Ukraine) against Russian lines. Russian withdrawal in Galicia; Kalusz evacuated.
Russia claims the capture of 36,773 prisoners in the first 13 days of the Kerensky offensive.

Southern Front
Salonika: Mutinies in French 57th Division and 2nd Zouaves over lack of leave; General Grossetti dissuades 300 men and 90 others arrested. From August leave parties use new shorter trans-Greece railroad route to Itea (Gulf of Corinth) and Taranto then train to Marseilles. These mutinies were quite similar to the earlier mutinies in the French Army on the Western Front.

Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: Harwich Force (8 cruisers and 17 destroyers) capture 4 German steamers from Rotterdam in neutral waters and drive 2 more ashore on Dutch coast (24 German merchant ships sunk on this route in 1917).

Political, etc
Russia: Russian ‘July Days’ Rising (until July 19): According to some sources, this was an abortive part-Trotsky inspired revolt in Petrograd, Lenin returns (17) & calls it off. In actuality, the Bolsheviks initially attempted to prevent the demonstrations and then decided to support them; Lenin went into hiding on the first day, then made a statement the next day, trying to call off the uprising. The uprising started on 16 July with spontaneous demonstrations braking out in Petrograd. They were started by the soldiers of the 1st Machine-gun Regiment, who were influenced by the anarchists. At a secret conference on 15 July the anarchists had decided to summon the workers and soldiers of Petrograd to an anti-government demonstration.
July demonstration in Petrograd. The banner says: ‘Down with the capitalist ministers. All power to the Soviets’: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...ation.jpg?ssl=1
United Kingdom: New Admiralty Planning Section formed under Captain Dudley Pound.
George Bernard Shaw predicts that, “This war will be won in the sky and not in the trenches.”
Japan: Japan blacklists companies in neutral countries that does trade with Germany.
United States: Boys drilling with bayonets at a military training camp for young boys at Peekskill, New York: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...574933358370816