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336 - Saint Mark elected Catholic Pope.
350 - General Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans, proclaims himself Emperor.
474 - Leo II briefly becomes Byzantine emperor
532 - Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
1126 - Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chinese throne to his son Emperor Qinzong
1486 - King Henry VII of England marries Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV.
1520 - King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes at Lake Åsunden.
1535 - Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro.
1562 - Pope Pius IV reopens the Council of Trent for its third and final session.
1670 - Henry Morgan captures Panama.
1701 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia.
1777 - representatives of the New Hampshire Grants declare the independence of the Vermont Republic from Britain.
1778 - James Cook is the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the "Sandwich Islands."
1788 - The first 736 convicts banished from England to Australia landed in Botany Bay creating the first Australian Penal Colony
1827 - Joseph Smith, Jr. marries Emma Hale.
1861 - American Civil War - Georgia joins South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama in secession from the United States.
1871 - Wilhelm I of Germany becomes the first German Emperor.
1884 - Dr William Price attempts to cremate the body of his infant son, Jesus Christ Price, setting a legal precedent for cremation in the UK.
1886 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.
1896 - The X-ray machine is exhibited for the first time.
1903 - Theodore Roosevelt, the President of the United States, sends a message of greetings from a Marconi station built near Wellfleet, Massachusetts to King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, marking the first transatlantic radio transmission originating in the United States.
1911 - Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, marking the first time an aircraft landed on a ship.
1912 - British explorer Robert Falcon Scott arrives at the South Pole only to find that Roald Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer, had preceded them by just over a month.
1913 - A Greek flotilla defeats the Ottoman Navy in the Naval Battle of Lemnos during the First Balkan War, securing the islands of the Northern Aegean Sea for Greece.
1915 - Japan issues the "Twenty-One Demands" to the Republic of China in a bid to increase its power in East Asia.
1916 - A 611 gram chondrite type meteorite struck a house near the village of Baxter in Stone County, Missouri.
1918 - World War I : Woodrow Wilson delivers his Fourteen Points speech in front of Congress.
1919 - World War I: The Paris Peace Conference opens in Versailles, France. Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes Prime Minister of the newly independent Poland.
1919 - Bentley Motors Limited is founded.
1939 - Louis Armstrong records Jeepers Creepers.
1943 - Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: The first uprising of Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto.
1944 - The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City for the first time hosts a jazz concert; the performers are Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Artie Shaw, Roy Eldridge and Jack Teagarden.
1944 - Soviet forces liberate Leningrad, effectively ending a three year Nazi siege, known as the Siege of Leningrad.
1945 - Liberation of the Budapest ghetto by the Red Army
1955 - Battle of Yijiangshan occurred.
1958 - Willie O'Ree, the first African American National Hockey League player, makes his NHL debut with the Boston Bruins.
1964 - Plans are revealed for the World Trade Center in New York City.
1964 - The Beatles appear on the Billboard magazine charts for the first time.
1967 - Albert DeSalvo, the "Boston Strangler," is convicted of numerous crimes and is sentenced to life in prison.
1969 - A United Airlines Flight 266 crashes into Santa Monica Bay resulting in the loss of all 32 passengers and six crewmembers.
1974 - A Disengagement of Forces agreement is signed between the Israeli and Egyptian governments, ending conflict on the Egyptian front of the Yom Kippur War.
1974 - The Six Million Dollar Man debuts on ABC.
1975 - The Jeffersons debuts on CBS.
1977 - Scientists identify a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires' disease.
1977 - Australia's worst rail disaster occurs at Granville, Sydney killing 83.
1978 - The European Court of Human Rights finds the United Kingdom government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture.
1983 - The International Olympic Committee restores Jim Thorpe Olympic medals to his family.
1990 - Former preschool operators Raymond Buckey and his mother Peggy McMartin Buckey are acquitted in a Los Angeles, California court of 52 child molestation charges.
1990 - Washington, DC, Mayor Marion Barry is arrested for drug possession in an FBI sting.
1991 - Eastern Air Lines shuts down after 62 years citing financial problems.
1993 - For the first time, Martin Luther King Jr. holiday is officially observed in all 50 United States states.
1994 - The Cando event, a possible bolide impact in Cando, Spain. Witnesses claim to have seen a fireball in the sky lasting for almost one minute.
1995 - In southern France near Vallon-Pont-d'Arc a network of caves are discovered that contain paintings and engravings that are 17,000 to 20,000 years old.
1997 - In north west Rwanda, Hutu militia members kill 3 Spanish aid workers, 3 soldiers and seriously wound one other.
1997 - Boerge Ousland of Norway becomes the first person to cross Antarctica alone and unaided.
1998 - Lewinsky scandal: Matt Drudge breaks the Bill Clinton - Monica Lewinsky affair story on his website The Drudge Report.
2000 - The strange Tagish Lake meteorite impacted the Earth.
2001 - The British digital television channel e4 (TV) was launched.
2002 - A Canadian Pacific Railway train carrying anhydrous ammonia derails outside of Minot, North Dakota, killing one man and calling into question the maintenance of CP track and the policy of voice-tracking used by Clear Channel Communications.
2003 - A bushfire kills 4 people and destroys more than 500 homes in Canberra, Australia.
2005 - A U.N. World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Japan begins.

Births
885 - Daigo, Emperor of Japan (d. 930)
1543 - Alfonso Ferrabosco (I), Italian composer (d. 1588)
1641 - François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French war minister (d. 1691)
1672 - Antoine Houdar de la Motte, French writer (d. 1731)
1688 - Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1765)
1689 - Montesquieu, French writer (d. 1755)
1779 - Peter Roget, British lexicographer (d. 1869)
1782 - Daniel Webster, American statesman (d. 1852)
1813 - Joseph Glidden, American farmer who patented barbed wire (d. 1906)
1815 - Constantin von Tischendorf, German biblical scholar (d. 1874)
1840 - Henry Austin Dobson, English poet (d. 1921)
1841 - Emmanuel Chabrier, French composer (d. 1894)
1842 - Albert Alonzo Ames, Mayor of Minneapolis (d. 1911)
1848 - Ioan Slavici, Transylvanian writer (d. 1925)
1849 - Edmund Barton, 1st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1920)
1850 - Seth Low, American politician (d. 1916)
1854 - Thomas Watson, American telephone pioneer (d. 1934)
1877 - Samuel Zemurray, U.S. businessman (d.1961)
1879 - Henri Giraud, French general (d. 1949)
1881 - Gaston Gallimard, French publisher (d. 1975)
1882 - A. A. Milne, English author (d. 1956)
1886 - Clara Nordström, German writer and translator (d. 1962)
1888 - Thomas Sopwith, British aviation pioneer (d. 1989)
1892 - Oliver Hardy, American comedian and actor (d. 1957)
1892 - Paul Rostock, German surgeon (d. 1956)
1901 - Ivan Petrovsky, Russian mathematician (d. 1973)
1904 - Cary Grant, English actor (d. 1986)
1905 - Joseph Bonanno, Italian-born gangster (d. 2002)
1908 - Jacob Bronowski, Polish-born mathematician, poet, and physicist (d. 1974)
1913 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
1914 - Arno Schmidt, German author (d. 1979)
1914 - William Stafford, American poet (d. 1993)
1917 - Wang Yung-ching , Taiwanese businessman
1918 - Gustave Gingras, French Canadian physician (d. 1996)
1922 - Bob Bell, American clown (d. 1997)
1925 - Gilles Deleuze, French philosopher (d. 1995)
1931 - Chun Doo-hwan, President of South Korea
1932 - Robert Anton Wilson, American author
1933 - John Boorman, Irish film director
1933 - Ray Dolby, American inventor (Dolby noise reduction system)
1934 - Raymond Briggs, English writer and illustrator
1935 - Albert Millaire, Quebec actor and theatre director
1937 - John Hume, Northern Irish politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998
1938 - Curt Flood, baseball player (d. 1997)
1940 - Pedro Rodriguez, Mexican racing driver (d. 1971)
1941 - David Ruffin, American singer (d. 1991)
1941 - Bobby Goldsboro, American country/pop singer
1943 - Kay Granger, American politician
1944 - Paul Keating, twenty-fourth Prime Minister of Australia
1944 - Carl Morton, Major League baseball pitcher (d. 1983)
1946 - Joseph Deiss, Swiss Federal Councilor
1947 - Takeshi Kitano, Japanese actor and director
1949 - Philippe Starck, French designer
1949 - Bill Keller, American newspaper editor
1950 - Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver (d. 1982)
1951 - Bob Latchford, English footballer
1951 - Bram Behr, Surinamese journalist (d. 1982)
1952 - R. Stevie Moore, American singer, songwriter, and home recording pioneer
1953 - Brett Hudson, American actor
1955 - Kevin Costner, American actor
1955 - Fergus Martin, Irish artist
1956 - Sharon Mitchell, American porn actress
1956 - Tom Bailey, British singer (Thompson Twins)
1961 - Mark Messier, Canadian hockey player
1961 - Jeff Yagher, American actor
1963 - Martin O'Malley, Governor of Maryland
1964 - Jane Horrocks, British actress
1965 - Dave Attell, American writer and comedian
1967 - Kim Perrot, American basketball player (d. 1999)
1967 - Iván Zamorano, Chilean footballer
1968 - Frank Quitely, Scottish comic book artist
1969 - Jesse L. Martin, American actor and singer
1969 - David Bautista, American professional wrestler
1969 - Jim O'Rourke, American musician and producer (Loose Fur and Wilco)
1970 - DJ Quik, American rapper
1970 - Peter van Petegem, Belgian cyclist
1971 - Jonathan Davis, American musician (KoЯn)
1971 - Christian Fittipaldi, Brazilian race car driver
1972 - Mike Lieberthal, baseball player
1973 - Crispian Mills, British musician (The Jeevas and Kula Shaker)
1974 - Michael Tunn, Australian television and radio
1974 - Maulik Pancholy, American actor
1974 - Christian Burns, English musician (BBMak)
1976 - Damien Leith, Australian Idol 2006
1977 - Curtis Cregan, American actor
1977 - Alina Jidkova, Russian tennis player
1978 - Brian Falkenborg, American baseball player
1979 - Jay Chou, Taiwanese singer and producer
1979 - Paulo Ferreira, Portuguese footballer
1979 - Brian Gionta, professional hockey player
1980 - Robert Green, English footballer
1980 - Julius Peppers, American football player
1981 - Kang Dong-won, South Korean model and actor
1981 - Khari Stephenson, Jamaican soccer player
1982 - Quinn Allman, American musician (The Used)
1983 - Samantha Mumba, Irish singer and actress
1984 - Benji Schwimmer, American dancer
1987 - Johan Djourou, Swiss footballer

Deaths
52 BC - Publius Clodius Pulcher (murdered)
350 - Constans, Roman Emperor, (b. 320)
474 - Leo I, Byzantine Emperor (b. 401)
1367 - King Peter I of Portugal (b. 1320)
1425 - Edmund de Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (b. 1391)
1471 - Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (b. 1419)
1547 - Pietro Bembo, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1470)
1583 - Margaret of Austria, regent of The Netherlands (b. 1522)
1664 - Moses Amyraut, French theologian (b. 1596)
1677 - Jan van Riebeeck, Dutch merchant (b. 1619)
1803 - Ippolit Bogdanovich, Russian poet (b. 1743)
1862 - John Tyler, 10th President of the United States (b. 1790)
1873 - Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, English author (b. 1803)
1878 - Antoine César Becquerel, French physicist (b. 1788)
1892 - Anton Anderledy, Swiss Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1819)
1896 - Charles Floquet, French statesman (b. 1828)
1927 - Empress Carlotta of Mexico (b. 1840)
1936 - Rudyard Kipling, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
1940 - Kazimierz Tetmajer, Polish writer (b. 1865)
1952 - Curly Howard, American actor and comedian (b. 1903)
1954 - Sydney Greenstreet, English actor (b. 1879)
1963 - Hugh Gaitskell, leader of the British Labour Party (b. 1906)
1966 - Kathleen Norris, American writer (b. 1880)
1967 - Goose Tatum, American basketball player (b. 1921)
1969 - Hans Freyer, German sociologist (b. 1887)
1970 - David O. McKay, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1873)
1978 - Hasan Askari, Pakistani philosopher, critic and writer (b. 1919)
1978 - Carl Betz, English musician (b. 1921)
1980 - Sir Cecil Beaton, English fashion designer (b. 1904)
1984 - Vassilis Tsitsanis, Greek singer and songwriter (b. 1915)
1985 - Wilfrid Brambell, Irish actor (b. 1912)
1995 - Adolf Butenandt, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
1995 - Ron Luciano, baseball umpire (b. 1937)
1997 - Paul Tsongas, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (b. 1941)
2000 - Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect (b. 1897)
2001 - Al Waxman, Canadian actor (b. 1935)
2003 - Edward Farhat, American professional wrestler (b. 1924)
2005 - Lamont Bentley, American actor (b. 1973)
2006 - Jan Twardowski, Polish poet (b. 1915)