Western Front
Battle of the Somme: British advance north and east of Courcelette; German counter-attack achieves slight success. Canadians capture, then lose, Regina Trench and the ‘Quadrilateral’.

Eastern Front
Transylvania: Battle of Brasov: Troops under Falkenhayn advance on a 75-mile front, forcing Romanian troop back towards their frontier of Transylvania at many points.
Germans occupy island in Danube near Ruschuk.

Southern Front
Artillery activity on whole Italian front.
Italians inflict heavy losses on Busa Alta.
Serbs occupy the Dobropolye summit (east of Kaymakachlan).

Naval and Overseas Operations
FIRST U-BOAT SINKING OFF US COAST: 5 merchant ships (3 British, 1 Dutch, 1 Norwegian) worth 20,388t captured and sunk off Newport (Rhode Island) by U-53 (Rose) after refuelling there (left base September 17, returns October 20).
Atlantic Ports International Merchant Marine orders no vessels to sail pending instructions.

Political, etc.
Germany: AIR FORCE (LUFTSTREITKRAEFTE) ESTABLISHED: Imperial Order in Council to amalgamate ‘all means of air combat and air defence with the Army, in the field and in the home areas, into one unit’.
United Kingdom: Prohibition on Sunday munitions work in force.
Denmark: Nielsine Nielsen, the first female physician and academic in Denmark, passed away.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.